This article analyzes latent variable models from a cognitive psychology perspective. We start by discussing work by Tuerlinckx and De Boeck (2005), who proved that a diffusion model for 2-choice response processes entails a 2-parameter logistic item response theory (IRT) model for individual differences in the response data. Following this line of reasoning, we discuss the appropriateness of I...

This research examined students’ responses to mathematics problem-solving tasks and applied a general multidimensional IRT model at the response category level. In doing so, cognitive processes were identified and modelled through item response modelling to extract more information than would be provided using conventional practices in scoring items. More specifically, the study consisted of tw...

INTRODUCTION Physical function is a key component of patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessment in rheumatology. Modern psychometric methods, such as Item Response Theory (IRT) and Computerized Adaptive Testing, can materially improve measurement precision at the item level. We present the qualitative and quantitative item-evaluation process for developing the Patient Reported Outcomes Measureme...

the classical test theory (ctt) and item response theory (irt) are widely used in construction and analysis of exams and questionnaires. because of the various shortcomings of ctt, irt has been designed. even though irt has overcome most of the limitations of ctt and has made computer adaptive testing possible, it is still important to point out that not enough reasons exist to totally discard ...

Dichotomous IRT models can be viewed as families of stochastically ordered distributions of responses to test items. This paper explores several properties of such distributions. More in particular, it is examined under what conditions stochastic order in families of conditional distributions is transferred to their inverse distributions, from two families of related distributions to a third fa...

Given that a key function of tests is to serve as evaluation instruments and for decision making in the fields of psychology and education, the possibility that some of their items may show differential behaviour is a major concern for psychometricians. In recent decades, important progress has been made as regards the efficacy of techniques designed to detect this differential item functioning...

Test theories can be divided roughly into two categories. The first is classical test theory, which dates back to Spearman’s conception of the observed test score as a composite of true and error components, and which was introduced to psychologists at the beginning of this century. Important milestones in its long and venerable tradition are Gulliksen’s Theory of Mental Tests (1950) and Lord a...

Item response theory is a large sample procedure to estimate item parameters based on individual response strings. However, what happens when the data available to estimate item parameters is small? This situation is common when new assessment items are tried out for inclusion in future operational assessments, commonly called field testing. In field tests, many items are spread out over a fixe...

The R package kequate enables observed-score equating using the kernel method of test equating. We present the recent developments of kequate, which provide additional support for item-response theory observed score equating using 2-PL and 3-PL models in the equivalent groups design and non-equivalent groups with anchor test design using chain equating. The implementation also allows for local ...