BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The natural history of oral HPV in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) is unclear. METHODS Detection of oral human papillomavirus in 173 HIV-positive MSM using oral rinse samples 3 years apart was investigated. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction, and genotyped by Roche ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE We investigate the accuracy of pediatric emergency physician sonography for acute appendicitis in children. METHODS We prospectively enrolled children requiring surgical or radiology consultation for suspected acute appendicitis at an urban pediatric emergency department. Pediatric emergency physicians performed focused right lower-quadrant sonography after didactics and hands...

This paper summarises the general pattern of urban land-cover change in the Northeastern Illinois between 1972 and 1997 using Landsat acquired remotely sensed images. The region, centred by the city of Chicago, experienced dramatic land cover change in the past decades. Accompanying the redistribution of population and decentralisation of metropolitan functions are the tremendous growth and dev...

Abstract Aims To assess the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes in patients with obesity who have undergone gastric bypass surgery compared to non-operated and general population. Methods results This study included 55,534 aged 20–65 years a principal diagnosis Swedish Patient Register 2001–2013. Of these, 23,099 had 32,435 not. Each patient was matched by age, sex geographic region tw...

Suppose that in the four tests Alice’s scores are 90, 95, 85, 90, and Bob’s scores are 85, 95, 90, 90. How to evaluate their scores? In this paper, we introduce the concept of ordered probability mass function which can be used to find a probability mass function with smaller variance. More interestingly, we can use it to distinguish sequences of positive numbers statistically.

We estimated the rate of reactivation tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, overall and by population subgroup, using data on TB cases and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate genotyping reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 2006-2008. The rate of reactivation TB was defined as the number of non-genotypically clustered TB cases divided by the number of person-years a...

BACKGROUND Direct transmission through skin contact is one of ways for disease transmission. Medical staffs have contact with many patients, so their hand can be a factor for the transmission of disease. Surgical scrub is a process that leads to destruction immigrant and stable microbus of hands and arms through friction washing by use of antiseptic solution prior to surgery. The aim of this st...

OBJECTIVE The serial peaks of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) have been labeled p13, n23, n34 and p44 according to their latency. Waves p13-n23 have been shown to be of saccular origin, whereas the origin of waves n34-p44 is still unknown. In order to improve the clinical applicability of waves n34-p44, we examine the use of different patterns of acoustic stimuli to evoke constant...