the provision of an adequate quantity of cells with proper function and purity is one of the main challenges of tissue engineering studies. stem cells, with their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, are considered one of the main cell sources in the field of tissue engineering. previously, the use of chemical factors seemed to be the only possible way for stem cell differentiation. howev...

objective: demyelination of cns axons occurs under pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries, but can be repaired by cell therapy. within the cns remyelination can be achieved by transplantation of neural stem cells (nscs). nscs are self-renewing cells that maintain the capacity to differentiate into cns-specific cell types and can differentiate into the three ...

cancer stem cells (csc) are the tumor-associated cells existed within tumors or hematological cancers which share characteristics similar to normal stem cells. the common characteristics of a normal stem cell and a csc are their differentiation capacity and self-renewal in tumors. the expression pattern of csc markers differs depending on the type and location of cancers. cd molecules are proba...

objective(s):some evidence showed that calcitriol has an important role in regulating growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (mscs). however, the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and macrophage is not clear yet.  the current study was done to investigate the in vitro effects of calcitriol on the interactions between bone marrow-derived mscs and rat macrophages. materials...

The largely unknown mechanisms that regulate adult stem cells probably involve signals from neighboring differentiated cells. Gap junction channels providing direct cell-cell communication via small molecules are a crucial component of morphogenesis and normal physiology. However, no specific gap junction protein has yet been functionally linked to adult/somatic stem cell behavior in vivo or to...

Stem cells often divide asymmetrically to produce one stem cell and one differentiating cell, thus maintaining the stem cell pool. Although neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse subventricular zone have been suggested to divide asymmetrically, intrinsic cell fate determinants for asymmetric NSC division are largely unknown. Stem cell niches are important for stem cell maintenance, but the...

Preservation of adult stem cells pools is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis into old age. Exhaustion of adult stem cell pools as a result of deranged metabolic signaling, premature senescence as a response to oncogenic insults to the somatic genome, and other causes contribute to tissue degeneration with age. Both progeria, an extreme example of early-onset aging, and heritable longev...

• Werner syndrome is an adult-onset of accelerated aging predisposing to solid cancer and hematological malignancies. Chemotherapy stem cell transplantation was successful in a patient with AML. Despite the poor risk profile, remains remission 5 years after toxicity acceptable.