Introduction: Substance use disorder is one of the most critical social problems in Iran. For this disorder, weneed a proper assessment tool based on our indigenous culture. Objective: This study assesses the factor structure and psychometric properties of 10-item and 20-item Persian versions of Drug Abuse Screening Tests (DAST-10 and DAST-20). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional s...

The controversy surrounding the Rorschach is updated, and an analysis of its dynamics is offered. Results on normative data and validity are reviewed, followed by a summary of, and rebuttal to, arguments made by Rorschach advocates. We argue that the current controversy can be traced, at least in part, to two unwarranted beliefs. First is the belief that informal impressions and popularity prov...

This article aims to analyze the methodology for understanding hadīth according Yūsuf Qaraḍāwī. study uses library research methods data. The primary data are Qaraḍāwī's work, while secondary books and journal articles relevant topic of this study. results indicate that Qaraḍāwī offers eight steps hadīth, namely defining based on Qur'ān, collecting thematically, compromising contradictory hadīt...

BACKGROUND Sleep problems are common in adolescents and can have a negative impact on daily functioning and quality of life; therefore recognition of sleep problems is important. The PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System) Sleep Disturbance (SD) and Sleep Related Impairment (SRI) items banks are internationally used, well-validated instruments developed for and tested in adults. T...

Background: Facial repigmentation is the main primary outcome measure of most trials assessing new treatments for vitiligo. Objective: To assess validity and reliability an objective measurement method percent depigmentation vitiligo lesions on face. Methods: Multicentric cross-sectional prospective trial. 22 consecutive patients presenting with facial were included. Depigmentation was analyzed...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE No stroke scale has been validated as an outcome measure using data from a clinical trial demonstrating a positive therapeutic effect. Therefore, we proposed to use data from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) tPA Stroke Trial to determine whether the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was valid in patients treated with tis...

Abstract Background Curriculum viability is determined by the degree to which quality standards have or not been met, and inhibitors that affect attainment of those standards. The literature reports many ways evaluate whether a curriculum reaches its standards, but less attention paid identification in different areas hamper quality. purpose this study develop establish reliability validity que...

Objectives: To develop items for an early screening index teachers to screen infants and young children (aged 1-5 years) at risk of disability in kindergartens daycare centers, this study examined the reliability, validity, difficulty standardization study.Methods: Based on literature review expert advisory meetings, first version related centers kindergarten routines was developed. Items were ...

this study intends to recognize the factors affecting advertising creativity based on stuhlfout and yoo’s model and according to the ideas of creative directors in iran. the research methodology was causal survey method. data were collected from a sample of 90 experts, selected out of 135 based on simple random sampling. the questionnaire prepared by help of different standard questionnaires an...