Thermal radiation significantly impacts the energy balance of human beings, and is usually assessed via mean radiant temperature Tmrt. The longwave down-welling radiation (LDR) and the up-welling from ground (LUR) are rarely measured, but are in the same order of magnitude as daily means of shortwave irradiation. This study evaluates simple, but theoretically based algorithms for LDR and LUR by...

sustainable and energy efficient design issues are key to the way good buildings are designed in the 21st century. no building designer today should be without the basic skills offered by the unique multidisciplinary studies of architectural design, based on energy use in buildings. however, this paper is focusing of effect of air movement on human comfort, as a key element of building design. ...

the goal of this study was to predict the moisture content of paddy using machine vision and artificial neural networks (anns). the grains were dried as thin layer with air temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°c and air velocities of 0.54, 1.18, 1.56, 2.48 and 3.27 ms-1. kinetics of l*a*b* were measured. the air temperature, air velocity, and l*a*b* values were used as ann inputs. the res...

there are a number of ideas to generate cloud and precipitation in the southern coasts of caspian sea, but none of them explain the cause of precipitation particularly heavy and super heavy precipitations precisely. this study describes main thermodynamic factors when the situation and location of synoptic patterns are effective. on the basis of daily data, monthly regimes and monthly trends of...

frost is one of the atmospheric phenomena which seriously threaten crop production. it also causes numerousaccidents in mountainous roads. in this research the spatial synoptic classification ssc method was employed toclassify the type of air masses. for the classification, such meteorological data as: temperature, dew point, mean sealevel pressure, cloudiness, direction and speed of wind were ...

abstract saffron (crocus sativus, l.) is one of the most important economical crops for khorasan farmers. almost all saffron yield in iran comes from khorasan provinces. first irrigation times is the crucial factors which affect the amount and quality of yield based upon an on farm investigation it was found that when air temperature reaches to 12 ۫c the most amount of flower is yielded. also it...