Efficient encoding of motion residuals is essential for low-delay video applications in which videos are encoded by hybrid motion compensation and a residual encoding structure. Current standard video coding systems use hybrid motion compensation and the discrete cosine transform (DCT), where the number of bases needed to encode a residual block is the same as the number of the pixels in the bl...

W. D. Neff concentrates upon changes in intensity and pattern discrimination and space localization following auditory cortex ablations. Both Galambos and Neff provide data concerning a pathway from the cochlea to the auditory cortex which bypasses the medial geniculate body. G. D. Smirnov compares features of the visual system in amphibians and reptiles, and 0. D. Creutzfelt reviews the extens...

In this article, we present an experimental and numerical study of novel optical properties of two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals (PCs) which exhibit negative refraction. We investigate two mechanisms which utilize the band structure of the PC to generate a negative effective index of refraction (neff < 0) and demonstrate the negative refraction experimentally. To the isotropic extend...

A fundamental quantity in multiple scattering is the transport mean free path the inverse of which describes the scattering strength of a sample. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of an appropriate description of the effective refractive index neff in multiple light scattering to accurately describe the light transport in dense photonic glasses. Using neff as calculated by the energy-d...

The number of relativistic species, $N_{\rm eff}$, has been precisely calculated in the standard model, and would be measured to percent level by CMB-S4 future. Neutral-current non-standard interactions affect neutrino decoupling early Universe, thus modifying eff}$. We parameterize those operators up dimension-7 effective field theory framework, then provide a complete, generic analytical dict...

I review recent progress towards a detailed understanding of the power spectrum of cosmic string perturbations induced on the Microwave Background (CMB). The use of a simple analytic model allows to include important effects that have not been included in previous studies. These effects are potential fluctuations on the last scattering surface (the Sachs-Wolfe effect) and Doppler CMB perturbati...