Background Nowadays, health systems are generally acknowledged to be complex social systems. Consequently, scholars, academics, practitioners, and policy-makers are exploring how to adopt a complexity perspective in health policy and system research. While leadership and complexity has been studied extensively outside health, the implications of complexity theories for the study of leader...

in recent years, the main focus of health sector reforms in iran is the family physician and referral system plan. fundamental changes in the goals and strategies, has increased the necessity of the need to reform the organizational structure. this study tries to review and summarize all cases about the organizational structure of iran and its challenges in primary health care system.this study...

This paper considers the effects of corruption and government spending on economic growth. It starts from an endogenous growth model and extends it to account for the detrimental effects of corruption on the potentially productive components of government spending, namely military and investment spending. The resulting model is estimated on a sample of African countries and the results show, fi...

This paper looks at the convergence clubs literature from a Schumpeterian perspective, and it follows the idea that cross-country differences in the ability to innovate and to imitate foreign technologies determine the existence of clustering, polarization and convergence clubs. The study investigates the characteristics of different technology clubs and the growth trajectories that they have f...

A 2-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) has been done using Anopheles stephensi fed on Plasmodium vivax blood through parafilm to ascertain at what time in the sporogonic cycle circumsporozoite (CS) antigen can be detected, and to detect CS antigen in mosquitoes squashed on filter paper (FP) and cellulose acetate membrane (CAM). The CS antigen was detectable only in mature oocysts, a day prior ...

The first electronic Economics preprint appeared in 1993. Since then the growth has been dramatic as the use of the World Wide Web has exploded. RePEc has been instrumental in facilitating access to Economics preprints and in bringing order to the chaos that the WWW frequently represents. In a related effort S-WoPEc provides user friendly tools for adding data to the RePEc system. While this is...

Success stories in usable security are rare. In this paper, however, we examine one notable security success: the year-long collaborative investigation of more than two terabytes of leaked documents during the “Panama Papers” project. During this effort, a large, diverse group of globally-distributed journalists met and maintained critical security goals–including protecting the source of the l...