After the beginning of conflict in Ukraine and Russia’s annexation Crimean Peninsula, Czech Republic became fully aware threats posed by Kremlin despite President Zeman has denied presence Russian troops criticised EU sanctions against Russia. Czechia belongs to group countries through which Russia influences EU, gradually deliberately erode its structures. exerts a strong influence on non-mili...

The basis of NATO’s existence is the collective defence Allies, its population and borders. Assurance deterrence measures activities implemented in Northeast Europe aim to build common potential deter aggression against NATO members. began 2014, defined at Summit Wales. They respond changed security situation on eastern borders with Russian activities, illegal annexation Crimea, destabilisation...

The annexation of Crimea and the beginnings Russian aggression in Donbass area have sparked widespread use journalistic discourse scholarly considerations concept hybrid threats. With threats such as spreading false information manipulating it a way that undermines public's trust government compromises politicians. By attempting to undermine social contract binds state its constituents, actor s...

Using a new dataset, this paper presents new evidence on inequality in Latin America for the 19th century and studies the effects of factor endowments and trade on inequality. Recent research has highlighted the link between the colonial origins of inequality and its persistence in Latin America. We find that inequality varied substantially throughout the century a...