PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intestinal epithelium is a dynamic barrier protecting the body from the multitudes of luminal micro-organisms present in the gut. However, this barrier is not impermeable and mechanisms exist that allow small amounts of antigen to traverse the epithelium in controlled manner to maintain tolerance and to mount immune responses. This review will summarize our current underst...

BACKGROUND Developing safe and effective cancer vaccine formulations is a primary focus in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DC) are currently employed as cellular vaccine in clinical trials of tumor immunotherapy. Recognizing the critical role of DCs in initiating anti-tumor immunity has resulted in the development of several strategies that target vaccine antigens to DCs to ...

Vaccine delivery is critical in antigen discovery and vaccine efficacy and safety. The diversity of infectious diseases in humans and livestock has required the development of varied delivery vehicles to target different pathogens. In livestock animals, previous strategies for the development of coccidiosis vaccines have encountered several hurdles, limiting the development of multiple species ...

Background: The poor permeability of the plasma and nuclear membranes to DNA plasmids are two major barriers for the development of these therapeutic molecules. Therefore, success in gene therapy approaches depends on the development of efficient and safe non-viral delivery systems. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro delivery of plasmid DNA encoding HPV16 E7 gene...

Lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) with a small amount of surface-chelated nickel (Ni-NPs) were developed to easily formulate the HIV his-tagged Tat protein, as well as to formulate and co-deliver two HIV antigens (his-p24 and his-Nef) on one particle. Female BALB/c mice were immunized by s.c. injection with his-Tat/Ni-NP formulation (1.5 μg Tat-his/mouse) and control formulations on day 0 and 14....

• Increased T-cell responses after targeting antigen to antigen-presenting cells. Antibody:T-cell epitope fusion mode affects the strength of response. integration supports induction CD4 and CD8 responses. Targeted delivery cells (APCs) enhances presentation thus, is a potent strategy for making more efficacious vaccines. This can be achieved by use antibodies with specificity endocytic surface...

Nanoparticle-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapies aim to improve the safety and efficacy of these treatments through local specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with their large surface areas, tunable particle pore sizes, spatially controlled functionalization, represent a safe versatile carrier system. In this study, w...

introduction: vaccinology provides promising approaches for the control of various infectious diseases. among different strategies, dna vaccines offer attractive research opportunities for development of vaccines for induction of antigen-specific immunity owing to their stability, simplicity of delivery, safety and cost effectiveness. however, there is a need to increase their potency by the us...