OBJECTIVE Aim of the study was to determined by microcomputed tomography (µCT) the horizontal distance between the main (MB1) and the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) orifices, the vertical distance between the MB1 and MB2 orifices planes, and the distance between the anatomic apex and major apical foramen (AF). Furthermore, we characterized the entire internal and external anatomy of the MB, dis...

AIM The case of a lower molar with apical periodontitis, which had previous root canal treatment and a fractured instrument in the distal root beyond the foramen, is presented. BACKGROUND The simultaneous presence of a foreign body (endodontic instrument or material) in periapical tissues and microorganisms in the root canal, are etiological factors in the formation or maintenance of a periap...

AIM To investigate ex vivo, the root canal morphology of the MB root of maxillary first molar teeth by means of micro-computed tomography. METHODOLOGY Thirty extracted intact human maxillary first molar teeth were selected for micro-tomographic analysis (SkyScan 1072, Aartselaar, Belgium) with a slice thickness of 38.0 mum. The following data regarding the MB root were analysed and recorded: ...

The present study evaluated the efficacy of electronic foramen locators (EFLs) to control root canal working length during rotary instrumentation and to assess possible reliability variations of different working lengths. Forty-eight human mandibular bicuspids were randomly divided in 2 groups according to the used device, Root ZX II (RZX) and Propex II (PRO). They were further subdivided in 2 ...

AIM To evaluate ex vivo, apical bacterial extrusion associated with two reciprocating single-file systems (WaveOne and Reciproc) compared with a conventional multifile rotary system (BioRace). METHODOLOGY Forty-five human single-rooted mandibular incisors were used. Endodontic access cavities were prepared, and root canals were contaminated with an Enterococcus faecalis suspension. Following ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of radiography in assessing working length to Propex II apex locator. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty single canal extracted human teeth with patent apical foramen were selected. Access cavities were prepared. Anatomic length (AL) was determined by inserting a K-file into the root canal until the file tip was just visible at...

AIM To evaluate the number of bacteria extruded apically from extracted teeth ex vivo after canal instrumentation using the two engine-driven techniques utilizing nickel-titanium instruments (ProTaper and System GT). METHODOLOGY Forty extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were used. Access cavities were prepared and root canals were then contaminated with a suspension of Ent...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to quantify and compare the amount of extruded debris from apical foramen after instrumentation of the root canal system with hand and rotary instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Root canals of forty five fresh extracted single rooted human teeth with mature apexes and less than 15 degree of root curvature were instrumented in group A with stain...