The bid-ask spread refers to the tightness dimension of liquidity and can be used as a proxy for transaction costs. Despite importance in financial literature, few studies have investigated its forecastability. We propose new methodology predict bid ask by combining density forecasts two types models: Multiplicative Errors Models ARMA-GARCH models. Our method is employed effective intra-day ser...

Mechanical linkage between cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions regulates cell shape changes during embryonic development and tissue homoeostasis. We examined how the force balance between cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesions changes with cell spread area and aspect ratio in pairs of MDCK cells. We used ECM micropatterning to drive different cytoskeleton strain energy states and ...

Researchers are often interested in the relationship between two variables, with no single data set containing both. A common strategy is to use proxies for dependent variable that surveys impute into independent variable. We show commonly employed regression or matching-based imputation procedures lead inconsistent estimates. offer a consistent and easily-implemented two-step estimator, “re-sc...

We generate and test new implications of Kavajecz’s (1996a) market microstructure model for cross-sectional variation in intraday expected stock returns. In this model, the specialist presents a price schedule consisting of bid and ask prices and a bid and ask size. We document that in his model, the specialist reveals through the bid-ask size spread what she believes to be the expected return ...

Background and Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to compare the predictive power of the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with the Human Development Index (HDI) with regard to the share of deaths caused by Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) among all deaths in the world and Iran.   Methods: The data required for this cross-sectional ecological study were extracted f...

We argue that on electronic markets, competition between liquidity providers should reduce the spread until the execution cost using market orders matches that of limit orders. This implies a linear relation between the bid-ask spread and the average impact of market orders, in good agreement with our empirical observations. We then use this relation to justify a strong, and hitherto unnoticed,...

Sustainability in 19 different Arab countries has been studied through investigating the relationship between economic development and energy consumption. Data collected has been studied as a whole (Total countries data) and as segregated data (Oil exporting and Oil importing countries data) i.e. three categories. The regression model used measures the effect of independent and control variable...