This paper focuses on minimizing the makespan of a multi-machine flowshop group-scheduling problem that is typically found in the assembly of printed circuit boards, which is characterized as one with carryover sequencedependent setup times. The intent is to minimize the makespan of schedules comprised of the sequence of board groups as well as the sequence of board types within each group. Spe...

This paper proposes two variants of heuristic algorithms to solve the classic permutation flowshop scheduling problem. Both algorithms are simple and very efficient. The first algorithm is a constructive heuristic which builds the optimal schedule of jobs on the basis of a selective-greedy process. To escape the trap of local optimum points, for the second heuristic algorithm a stochastic featu...

background; work-related musculoskeletal disorders (wmsds) may involve all parts of the body, and have been a worldwide problem. employed women are two to five times more likely to report such problems, and assembly lines suspected to induce more wmsds because of high rate of repetitive motions. methods;the aim of this study to determine the prevalence of wmsds in women workers of an automobile...