Syndecans, cell surface heparansulfate proteoglycans, have been proposed to act as cell surface receptors and/or coreceptors to play critical roles in multiple cellular functions. However, recent reports suggest that the function of syndecans can be further extended through shedding, a cleavage of extracellular domain. Shedding constitutes an additional level for controlling the function of syn...

A key consequence of regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression of CD4 T cells is the inhibition of IL-2 production, yet how Tregs attenuate IL-2 has not been defined. Current models predict a termination of TCR signaling, by disrupting T-APC contacts, or TCR signal modification, through mechanisms such as cAMP. To directly define Treg effects on TCR signaling in CD4 T cell targets, we visualized cha...

In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Aymé et al provide new insights into the role played by von Willebrand factor (VWF) in modulating in vivo inflammatory responses. In particular, a single-domain antibody against the VWF A1 domain is shown to markedly attenuate leukocyte recruitment and vascular permeability in 2 distinct murine models of inflammation. Collecti...

Transversely isotropic (TI) media with the frequency-independent quality-factor elements (also called “constant- Q” transverse isotropy) are often used to describe attenuation anisotropy in sedimentary rocks. The coefficients constant- Q TI models can be conveniently defined terms of Thomsen-type attenuation-anisotropy parameters. Recent research indicates that not all those parameters for such...

Molecular brain imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) has evolved into a vigorous academic field and is progressively gaining importance in the clinical arena. Significant progress has been made in the design of high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) PET units dedicated to brain research and the development of quantitative imaging protocols incorporating accurate image correction te...

seismic waves travelling through inelastic media are attenuated by the conversion of elastic energy into heat. upon being attenuated, the travelling wave changes: amplitude is reduced, travelling waveform is modified due to high-frequency content absorption, and phase is delayed. attenuation is usually quantified through the quality factor q: the ratio between the energy stored and lost in each...

introduction: scattered photon is one of the main defects that degrade the quality and quantitative accuracy of nuclear medicine images. accurate estimation of scatter in projection data of spect is computationally extremely demanding for activity distribution in uniform and non-uniform dense media. methods: the objective of this paper is to develop and validate a scatter correction technique t...

Our long-term goal is to develop a suite of compact, inexpensive in situ optical property sensors for use on autonomous platforms. As part of this long-term goal, our Phase I research efforts have focused on design, development, and testing of an inexpensive (nominally expendable) water property measurement system to provide environmental optical parameters in the surfzone that are critical for...