A new method for the Automated Protein Structure Analysis (APSA) is derived, which simplifies the protein backbone to a smooth curve in 3-dimensional space. For the purpose of obtaining this smooth line each amino acid is represented by its Cα atom, which serves as suitable anchor point for a cubic spline fit. The backbone line is characterized by arc length s, curvature κ(s), and torsion τ(s)....

the central cooperative banks occupy a crucial position in the pyramidal structure of agricultural cooperative banking system. they from the backbone of the agricultural credit structure and provide the vital line between the primary agricultural societies and the state apex cooperative bank functioning at the state level. the study is based on secondary data obtained from annual reports of edc...

structure and function of socio – economic systems present different spatial effects in different countries of the world. in this study, structure and function of social and economical systems is analyzed to identify of changes within urban spatial structure. in tehran, effects of political and economic factor is analyzed for identification of changes of its spatial structure and its periphery ...

A number of algorithms based on the evolutionary processing have been proposed forcommunication networks backbone such as Genetic Algorithm (GA). However, there has beenlittle work on the SWARM optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) for backbone topology design. In this paper, the performance of PSO on GA isdiscussed and a new algorithm as PSOGA is proposed for the net...

We discuss the gauge field theory approach to protein structure study, which allows a natural way to introduce collective degrees of freedom and nonlinear topological structures. Local symmetry of proteins and its breaking in the medium is considered, what allows to derive Abelian Higgs model of protein backbone, correct folding of which is defined by gauge symmetry breaking due hydrophobic for...