The enrichment of the intergalactic medium with heavy elements is a process that lies at the nexus of poorly-understood aspects of physical cosmology. We review current understanding of the processes that may remove metals from galaxies, the basic predictions of these models, the key observational constraints on enrichment, and how intergalactic enrichment may be used to test cosmological simul...

We review atomic flame spectrometry of metals based on the selective laser-enhancement of the rate of atomic ionization. A discussion of basic principles, prior literature, and instrumentation is followed by an overview of analytical figures of merit for the technique, and a look at its present status and areas for future development.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a commercial plant. Tobacco leaves naturally accumulate and concentrate relatively high levels of heavy metals and particular cadmium in leaves. Tobacco is one of the basic agricultural products, in Ethiopia, with social and economic importance. However, there is no report in the literature on the determination of levels of heavy metals in Ethiopian tobacco lea...

Metals are a part of our daily life. They are used for construction and for countless products (e.g., cars, mobile phones, or computers). Without the use of metals, human society would have not been developed to its current stage. While the raw materials are provided by our planet, humans learned to extract metals from mineral ore and to refine them. As a consequence to their wide use in the mo...

this article tries to study the increase or decrease in the performance of the divested companies to the non-governmental public sector and the private sector compared to the period before the divestiture and then it tries compare the private sector and the nongovernmental public sector in improving the performance indexes. to answer two basic questions of the research, the financial indicators...

The purpose of this study is to find what competence determines the employment of college students using data from the K-CESA (Korea Collegiate Essential Skills Assessment) of a Korean university during 2009-2014. This test comprises of 6 categories of competence: self-management, global readiness, interpersonal relationship, resource/information/technology handling, communication and comprehen...

Academic labs have been responsible for virtually all of the basic science discoveries that translate into the discovery and development of innovative new medicines. There is a growing concern that large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are not able to sustain research pipelines that bring new compounds into drug development that translate into innovative new medicines, especially in ...