the power supply of remote sites and applications at minimal cost and with low emissions is an important issue when discussing future energy concepts. this paper presents modeling and optimization of a photovoltaic (pv)/wind/diesel system with batteries storage for electrification to an off-grid remote area located in rafsanjan, iran. for this location, different hybrid systems are studied and ...

Electrolytes play an integral role in the successful operation of any battery chemistry. The reemergence sodium-ion (SIB) chemistry has therefore rejuvenated search for optimized SIB salts and solvents. Recent experiments have found that 1 M NaPF 6 ethylene carbonate (EC) propylene (PC), EC 0.5 : PC (w/w) is best binary electrolyte SIBs. However, mathematical models, to elucidate these experime...

Battery management systems (BMS) in hybrid-electric-vehicle (HEV) battery packs must estimate values descriptive of the pack’s present operating condition. These include: battery state of charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power. The estimation mechanism must adapt to changing cell characteristics as cells age and therefore provide accurate estimates over the lifetim...