background:  clavicle fractures are common and usually heal without complications. in this study, we evaluated the outcomes of non-operative versus operative management of displaced fractures.   methods:  in a prospective clinical trial study, sixty-five patients with displaced clavicle mid-shaft fractures were nonrandomly divided in two treatment groups. the first group underwent non-operative...

This article argues that the liturgical tradition of celebrating Christmas on 25 December travelled from Latin West to Greek East at behest Theodosius I upon his arrival in Constantinople AD 380. From there it made its way Cappadocia, Pontus and Syrian Antioch by means travelling clerics who belonged a pro-Nicene network. The essay also makes larger methodological point late antiquity tradition...

background: some studies have shown the possible role of protein‑energy malnutrition (pem) in persistence of endemic goiter in iodine replenished areas. the present study was conducted to assess the association between pem and goiter in schoolchildren of isfahan, iran. methods: in a cross‑sectional study using multistage cluster random‑sampling, 2331 schoolchildren with age ranged from 6‑13 yea...

A manifesto, signed by a number of Bishops and by the presidents of several religious bodies, has been issued condemning charity lotteries, and particularly lotteries for hospitals. The i sasons given why the Churches "feel that the lottery method for hospitals and philanthropic purposes is a retrograde step"' are that the appeal of the lottery is to the possibility of gain for self?an appeal d...

A set S V is a dominating set of a graph G = (V;E) if each vertex in V is either in S or is adjacent to a vertex in S. A vertex is said to dominate itself and all its neighbors. The domination number (G) is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of G. A set S V is an independent set of vertices if no two vertices in S are adjacent. The independence number, B0 (G), is the maximum cardinalit...

Recent events regarding child sexual abuse committed by Roman Catholic priests in the Archdiocese of Boston and elsewhere have yet again resulted in a tremendous amount of media attention and frenzy regarding this topic. During 2002 alone, approximately 300 American Catholic priests, including several bishops, were accused of child sexual abuse. Many were forced to resign their positions while ...

In 1991 the Latin American Council of Bishops (CELAM), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development began a collaboration on a project whose overarching purpose was to improve programs of attention to young children living in conditions that put them at risk of delayed or debilitated physical, mental, social and/or emotional dev...

I n February 2002, the board of directors of the Catholic Health Association of Canada (CHAC) discerned that the time was opportune for a thorough reflection and dialogue concerning the nature and future of the Catholic health ministry in Canada. The board made its decision after consulting representative members across the country and receiving the report of a special advisory committee. In Ma...

Fr. O'Rourkc is director of the (.'enterfor Health Care Ethics, Saint Louis University. T he Ethical and Relijjious Directives for Catholic Health {'are Services (ERD) were approved by the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB) in November 1994. The committee that prepared the text for consideration by the NCCB labored For more than five years. Given the many drafts, study sessions, and...