The marginal fit is one of the most important criteria for long-term success of all-ceramic restorations.[1] When considered clinically, a casting becomes acceptable only when the marginal gap between the prepared tooth and the casting is indiscernible both visually and also while probing. The marginal gap may lead to increased retention of plaque. This changes the distribution of microflora as...

The cytotoxicity of a series of dental casting alloys in the as-cast and polished condition was determined with cell culture techniques involving phase contrast microscopy to examine cell morphology and the succinic dehydrogenase histochemical reaction to measure any ring of inhibition of Balb/c 3T3 cellular respiration around alloys. Crown and bridge casting alloys and a nickel- and a cobalt-b...

Virtual models (VR-models) can be used to qualify and train the operating personnel on casting installations. These training methods focus on creating virtual models of casting machines where their composition, function and operation can be tested and on their web based use at distributed production sites. A Virtual Reality Platform for creating training scenarios developed in the Fraunhofer In...

In today’s world a casting production without any defect is almost impossible. After the application of various optimization techniques and process we still are not able to get the defect free castings. So it is critically important to analyze the root cause of casting defect with in the process itself, so that any changes which can hamper the defect intensity can be invoked at the time of manu...

An in-vitro flow study was conducted in a mildly atherosclerotic main coronary artery casting of man using sugar-water solutions simulating blood viscosity. Steady flow results indicated substantial increases in pressure drop, and thus flow resistance at the same Reynolds number, above those for Poiseuille flow by 30 to 100 percent in the physiological Reynolds number range from about 100 to 40...

We investigate menu distance, size, and related techniques to understand and optimize menu performance in VR. We show how user interaction using ray casting and Pointer-Attached-to-Menu (PAM) pointing techniques is affected by menu size and distance from users. Results show how selection angle – an angle to targets that depends on menu size and distance – relates to selection times. Mainly, inc...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bridge orientation in casting machine on castability and quality of base metal castings. Methods: Three groups of patterns with different direction and lengths in casting machine were casted and then studied qualitatively and quantitatively using mean and standard deviation in table of frequency. Results: Larger nodules and poros...

The objective of this work was to introduce a novel method for refining the solidification microstructure. Traditional casting usually solidifies one homogeneous liquid by removing heat from liquid surface, by which the microstructure solely depends on the heat removal rate for the given alloy composition. The newly developed multi-liquid composite simultaneous casting concept raises an alterna...

Conventional sand casting processes often take many weeks or months to produce the tooling required for a casting, in particular the fabrication of sand core arrays for hollow features in a casting. SLS is already being applied to produce complex sand core geometries and reduce production times, but a new development of discretely laying down two different materials and removing one after sinte...

This paper attempts to investigate the influence of the microstructure and mechanical property changes on sand casting and permanent die casting alloys by grain refinement, modification combined action of both (Al– 3Ti–1B + Al–10Sr) and without grain refinement and modification effect. The microstructures of the castings are studied by optical microscopes. The microstructure and mechanical prop...