Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial around the central nervous system through brain transports not only those water-like fluids but also any solutes they carry, including nutrients, drugs, metabolic wastes. Passing tissue primarily during sleep, this circulation has implications for neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer's disease, damage stroke cardiac arrest, flow-related such ...

The diagnosis of perinatal insults currently relies on adequate documentation of general medical and obstetric factors and on radiologic and laboratory assessments. The measurement of brain constituents such as S100B protein may offer an alternative and direct indicator of cell damage in the nervous system when clinical and radiologic assessments are still silent and has the additional advantag...

Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 has a pathogenic role in herpesvirus-induced encephalomyelitis (HSM). Anti-MCP-1 antibody greatly decreased HSM severity in mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSM mice), compared with its effect in control HSM mice treated with rabbit immunoglobulin. HSM severity was markedly enhanced in mice previously treated with a mixture of interleukin ...

Biological fluid collection to identify and analyze different disease markers is a routine and normal procedure in health care settings. Body fluids are as varied as urine, blood, mucus, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), tears, semen, etc. The volumes of the collected fluids range from micro liters (e.g., tears, CSF) to tens and hundreds of milliliters (blood, urine, etc.). In some manifestations, a d...

Little information is available describing viral loads in body fluids other than blood. In addition, the suitability of commercially available assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA quantitation has not been evaluated in most nonblood fluids. We compared Organon Teknika's nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method (NASBA) and Roche's Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor (reverse tra...

Bleomycin in the presence of iron(II) degrades DNA to form a thiobarbituric acid-reactive product. This has been made the basis of a specific assay method for 'free' iron in biological fluids. Human synovial fluid, human cerebrospinal fluid and rat pleural-exudate fluid were found to contain micromolar concentrations of 'free' iron, which would be sufficient to allow formation of the hydroxyl r...

John Trojanowski: Okay, Tom. Briefly, we will focus here on chemical analyte biomarkers in various bodily fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, blood, etc., and while genetics may come up, too, we will save imaging biomarkers for another time. Concerning apolipoprotein E (ApoE): It does seem to be critical to consider this for cohort assignment as demonstrated in the recent NEJM pape...

Pharmacologic target gene modulation is the primary objective for RNA antagonist strategies and gene therapy. Here we show that mRNAs encoding tissue-specific gene transcripts can be detected in biological fluids and that RNAi-mediated target gene silencing in the liver and brain results in quantitative reductions in serum and cerebrospinal fluid mRNA levels, respectively. Further, administrati...