Subject analysis of the potential of spontaneous combustion in coal layers with analytical and numerical methods has been always considered as a difficult task because of the complexity of the coal behavior and the number of factors influencing it. Empirical methods, due to accounting for certain and specific factors, have not accuracy and efficiency for all positions. The Rock Engineering Syst...

Today coal is among the most important energy sources. In order to meet the world's energy demands, low-calorie lignite with a high ash content is generally used in the large capacity coal-fired thermal power plants. As a result of coal firing, wastes such as fly ash, slag, and flue gas are also produced. Subsequently, toxic trace elements within coal are transferred to wastes such as slag, fl...

Because ammonia is one of the most promising candidates for energy carrier in future, various applications as a fuel are currently considered. One medium utilizing by introducing it to coal-fired boilers. To best our knowledge, this paper first report fundamental mechanism flame propagation phenomenon pulverized coal/ammonia co-combustion. The effects equivalence ratio ammonia-oxidizer mixture ...

The methods by which fuels can be converted into electricity all belong to different “technology families”: the “gas-fired-turbine-family”, the “coal-fired-turbine-family”, etc. Each family consists of different generations of similar technologies, as in a vintage model. Within a family, the latest generation embodies the most recent level and type of knowledge, becoming more and more outdated ...

The fermentation process is an important component in the biodegradation of organic compounds in natural and contaminated systems. Comparing with terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs), however, research on fermentation processes has to some extent been ignored in the past decades, particularly on the persistence of fermentation process in the presence of toxic organic pollutants. Both f...

Abstract NO emission from two in–line cement calciners operating with petcoke and coal, respectively, is predicted through computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) simulations using the commercial software Barracuda Virtual Reactor? 17.4.1. In Eulerian–Lagrangian approach used in this solver, solid phase modeled Multi–Phase Particle–In–Cell (MP–PIC) method. The chemistry of gas combustion f...

Biomass co-firing is becoming a promising solution to reduce CO2 emissions, due to its renewability and carbon neutrality. Biomass normally has high moisture and volatile contents, complicating its combustion behaviour, which is significantly different from that of coal. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combustion model of a single biomass particle is developed in this work, to predict the ...

OBJECTIVE To present results of a bladder cancer screening program conducted in 18 aluminum smelters in the United States from January 2000 to December 2010. METHODS Data were collected on a cohort of workers with a history of working in coal tar pitch volatile exposed areas including urine analysis for conventional cytology and ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ assay. RESULTS ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ and cytology in...

Tabas mines in Iran have coal sources which are suitable for use in metallurgy industries as coking coal. But the high sulfur content of this coal imposes severe limitations on its utilization as the sulfur oxide gases evolved from the combustion of high sulfur coals result in acid rains and corrosion of equipments. In this work, attempts have been made to reduce sulfur from high sulfur coa...