This study attempted to replicate findings of an attentional bias towards supraliminal and subliminal smoking cues in the dot-probe task for smokers. Food-related cues were used as a control due to its natural reward properties. Further, the effects of cognitive load during the dot-probe task on attentional bias was explored. Smokers (n=43) and non-smokers (n=41) completed two versions (load an...

In order to collaboratively forward the Cognitive Radio (CR) signal to the Distant CR (DCR) users, we have introduced the Distributed Beamforming (DB) technique CR networks. However we face a practical difficulty of the extreme narrow main beam in the pattern generated by the DB method, when applying it to CR networks. To solve this problem, we propose a novel Nodes Selection (NS) method based ...

A novel explanation of belief bias in relational reasoning is presented based on the role of working memory and retrieval in deductive reasoning, and the influence of prior knowledge on this process. It is proposed that belief bias is caused by the believability of a conclusion in working memory which influences its activation level, determining its likelihood of retrieval and therefore its eff...

Existing theoretical universal algorithmic intelligence models are not practically realizable. More pragmatic approach to artificial general intelligence is based on cognitive architectures, which are, however, non-universal in sense that they can construct and use models of the environment only from Turingincomplete model spaces. We believe that the way to the real AGI consists in bridging the...

Clinical anxiety disorders and elevated levels of anxiety vulnerability are characterized by cognitive biases, and this processing selectivity has been implicated in theoretical accounts of these conditions. We review research that has sought to evaluate the causal contributions such biases make to anxiety dysfunction and to therapeutically alleviate anxiety using cognitive-bias modification (C...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions, presumably targeting automatic processes, are considered particularly promising for addictions. We conducted a meta-analysis examining randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM for substance addiction outcomes. METHODS Studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographical databases. We included RCTs of CBM ...

BACKGROUND Canine separation-related problems (SRP) (also described as "separation anxiety" or "separation distress") are among the most common behavioural complaints of dog owners. Treatment with psychoactive medication in parallel with a behaviour modification plan is well documented in the literature, but it is unknown if this is associated with an improvement in underlying affective state (...