In the 802.11 protocol, fundamental medium access mechanism is called Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). DCF, before making any transmission attempt, nodes count down a timer with value randomly selected from Contention Window (CW) size. If transmitted packet involved in collision, node increases CW size an attempt to reduce collision rate. Conversely, if successfully, reduces order incre...

In the diffusion-collision model, the unfolding or backward rates are given by the likelihood of secondary structural cluster dissociation. In this work, we introduce a backward rate calculation modeled from a Kramers-type thermal tunneling through a barrier, which represents the free energy potential well for buried hydrophobic residues. Our results are in good agreement with currently accepte...

The early stages in the evolution of the gluons produced in the central region of a head-on high-energy heavy ion collision are studied. An equation is given for the rate of change of transverse momentum into longitudinal momentum where the longitudinal direction is along the collision axis. We are able to follow the system up to the time where equilibration seems to be setting in, but we are u...

We explain why the experimental efficiency observed in the conversion of ultracold Fermi gases of 40K and 6Li atoms into diatomic Bose gases is limited to 0.5 when the Feshbach resonance sweep rate is sufficiently slow to pass adiabatically through the Landau-Zener transition but faster than "the collision rate" in the gas, and increases beyond 0.5 when it is slower. The 0.5 efficiency limit is...

We report on ultracold atomic collision experiments utilizing frequency-chirped laser light. A rapid chirp below the atomic resonance results in adiabatic excitation to an attractive molecular potential over a wide range of internuclear separation. This leads to a transient inelastic collision rate which is large compared to that obtained with fixed-frequency excitation. The combination of high...

We investigate the electromagnetic signals accompanied with planetary collisions and their event rate, and explore the possibility of directly detecting such events. A typical Earth– Jupiter collision would give rise to a prompt EUV-soft-X-ray flash lasting for hours and a bright IR afterglow lasting for thousands of years. With the current and forthcoming observational technology and facilitie...

The highly exoergic nucleophilic substitution reaction F(-) + CH3I shows reaction dynamics strikingly different from that of substitution reactions of larger halogen anions. Over a wide range of collision energies, a large fraction of indirect scattering via a long-lived hydrogen-bonded complex is found both in crossed-beam imaging experiments and in direct chemical dynamics simulations. Our me...