introduction the city population, in particular at the industrialized cities and centers of provinces, has increased dramatically in iran during recent decades. arak city is among of those industrialized cities as a centers of markazi province which has experienced a fast increase in population. this changes in population numbers tend to increase in consuming water resources as well as increasi...

Variation in temperature is a common phenomenon which can affect the performance factor of any device used at different temperatures. Temperature sensors are used to identify the variation in temperature at various or same places as temperature can vary according to time at same place also. This work is related to making Temperature sensor Design on Virtex6 Field Programmable Gate Array for Low...

There are a number of techniques available to estimate saturated-liquid molar or specific volumes or densities of liquids. In this study, a new empirical correlation is presented to calculate volume of saturated liquids as a function of critical volume, reduced temperature and acentric factor. An optimization algorithm is utilized to obtain unknown parameters of this correlation by fitting them...

An improved current-mode CMOS voltage reference derives its temperature independent characteristic from two temperature dependent currents which are summed together into a resistor to generate the reference voltage. A CMOS proportional to absolute temperature (FTAT) current generator using substrate bipolar transistors creates the current that increases with temperature. A CMOS threshold voltag...

the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of ten gcms and three emission scenarios to reproduce the rainfall and temperature parameters in kermanshah, ravansar and west islamabad stations located inside qaresou basin in iran using the average weighting method, over 1989-2008 period. at first, the models output and the scenarios were provided for this period. then, the models valid...

in this study, a generalized equation is presented to calculate vapor pressure of pure substances as a function of reduced temperature, critical pressure, and acentric factor. with the presented model, vapor pressures have been calculated and evaluated with nist data bank for 70 pure substances for about 14000 data points, and the overall average absolute percentage deviation has been only 0.78...

This paper investigates the effect of thermal radiation on unsteady convection flow and heat transfer over a vertical permeable stretching surface in porous medium, where the effects of temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity are also considered. By using a similarity transformation, the governing time-dependent boundary layer equations for momentum and thermal energy are first...

We achieve very high hybridization efficiencies by using a new method to immobilize DNA strands on the surface of thermoresponsive polymer nanoparticles. Hybridization efficiencies of about 70 % are obtained between the DNA immobilized in the particles and a complementary strand in solution, even at very low ionic strengths (1 mM). The polymer nanoparticles have a glassy poly(methylmethacrylate...

soil temperature is one of the most effective parameters for plant growth. although the spatiotemporal monitoring of soil temperature is important for providing an optimum condition to maximize the yield efficiency, indirect measurements for zoning  of soil temperature are essential due to difficulties in direct methods of measuring it and also the limited measurement points. thus, the efficien...