A recent decision by the High Court of Australia (Wong v Commonwealth; Selim v Professional Services Review Committee (2009) 236 CLR 573) (the PSR case) has not only clarified the scope of the Australian constitutional prohibition on "any form of civil conscription" in relation to federal legislation concerning medical or dental services (s 51xxiiiA), but has highlighted its importance as a gre...

science of politics. The debate on natural law, then, is largely about whether reason or will-or perhaps both-is the source of constitutional authority. The specific question before the Court in Calder was the constitutionality of a Connecticut statute which set aside a decree of the local probate court. Pursuant to that decree, Calder had been awarded a right to recover property under a will. ...

All modern democracies rely on representatives to formulate and administer policies. Representative government takes advantage of division of labor: a small group of experts can develop expertise in policy, freeing everyone else to pursue other tasks. The downside is that elected officials may fail to pursue the interests of voters. A popular remedy for the ills of representative government is ...

Constitutional law changes, even though the Constitution remains the same. American abortion law aptly illustrates this point. Although the text of the Fourteenth Amendment has remained constant since the United States Supreme Court decided Roe v. Wade [FN1] in 1973, the Court has altered its position on the constitutionality of restrictive abortion statutes. According to Roe, the Due Process C...

This paper considers an endogenous growth model with productive government spending in which overlapping generations of agents vote sequentially on policy. With sequential majority voting, there is a multiplicity of politico-economic equilibria originating from self-fulfilling policy expectations. Some of these equilibria are Pareto-inefficient and there are endogenous cycles. A constitutional ...

abstract the feminist movement in the united states like other countries has tried to establish equality for women. from the first attempts to gain constitutional right for vote, up to the current radical demands, feminists have struggled to make changes in the u.s. party politics and obtain their rights within the parties. one of the important issues in which women played a key role in party p...

this is a comparative study of the two victorious revolutions of the constitutional iran and the independence of the usa that lead to the all compassing internal motives of the two oppressed nations to fight against the despotism and oppression and to collapse the ruling political, economic and social order. it is true that the symbols and causes for revolutions are plenty, but this would not p...

Most African states are unitary with political power vested in the central government. Laws and decisions concerning the public sector are enacted and enforced by the central government.1 Authority is delegated to junior government officials who implement policies within rigid guidelines. Provincial and district levels of government serve administrative roles but do not make laws, collect taxes...