The signals that direct the initiation of transcription ultimately converge at the core promoter, which is the gateway to transcription. Here we provide an overview of the RNA polymerase II core promoter in bilateria (bilaterally symmetric animals). The core promoter is diverse in terms of its composition and function yet is also punctilious, as it acts with strict rules and precision. We addit...

This paper presents a concurrent implementation of a previously developed Dual-Input Max-Tree algorithm that implements antiextensive attribute lters based on second-generation connectivity. The paralellization strategy has been recently introduced for ordinary Max-Trees and involves the concurrent generation and ltering of several Max-Trees, one for each thread, that correspond to di erent seg...

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

The initiation of mRNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells is a complex and highly regulated process that requires the assembly of general transcription factors and RNAP II (RNA polymerase II; also abbreviated as Pol II) into a pre-initiation complex at the core promoter. The core promoter is defined as the minimal DNA region that is sufficient to direct low levels of activator-independent (basal) tr...

Large-scale projects often have several activities which are performed by subcontractors with limited multi-resources. Project scheduling with limited resources is one of the most famous problems in the research operations and optimization cases. The resource-constraint project scheduling problem (RCPSP) is a NP-hard problem in which the activities of a project must be scheduled to reduce the p...

Power, rule, and legitimacy have always been core concerns of political science. In the 1970s, when governability appeared to be problematic, legitimacy was discussed both in the context of policy research and by critics of the capitalist state. More recently interest turned to governance beyond the nation-state. The legitimacy of transnational (i.e., European and international) organizations, ...

Exotic semirings such as the “(max,+) semiring” (R ∪ {−∞},max,+), or the “tropical semiring” (N ∪ {+∞},min,+), have been invented and reinvented many times since the late fifties, in relation with various fields: performance evaluation of manufacturing systems and discrete event system theory; graph theory (path algebra) and Markov decision processes, Hamilton-Jacobi theory; asymptotic analysis...

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

PURPOSE To prospectively study the value of PET-CT with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response of locoregional disease of stages II and III breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A written informed consent and approval were obtained from the Ethics Committee. PET-CT accuracy in the prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) after NA...

In this work for the first time, Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles functionalized with isatin groups as a magnetic nanosorbent was applied for the simultaneous extraction of trace amounts of cadmium (II). The characterization of this nanosorbentwas studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of seve...