OBJECTIVES To determine how important governmental, social, and economic factors are in driving antibiotic resistance compared to the factors usually considered the main driving factors-antibiotic usage and levels of economic development. DESIGN A retrospective multivariate analysis of the variation of antibiotic resistance in Europe in terms of human antibiotic usage, private health care exp...

AIM To compare the results of a series of public opinion surveys on experiences with the health care sector in Croatia conducted in the time of elections and to analyze whether political party affiliation had any influence on issues of priority ranking. METHODS The surveys were conducted during 2005, 2007, and 2009. They were administered through a Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing met...

abstract in the past twenty-five years, the russian government has been faced with widespread corruption and despite many efforts it hasn’t been able to control that. according to transparency international report in 2013, this country was the 127th among 177 countries. this essay tries to analyze the role of administrative oligarchy and continuity of corruption in russia. the main question of ...

The principles and findings from internal government audits (aimed at generating recommendations to improve compliance with anti-corruption regulations) can greatly contribute to the wider anti-corruption literature. Internal audit techniques can overcome the weaknesses of the four predominant approaches to evaluating anti-corruption regulatory performance – the systems design approach, the ad-...

This literature provided a basis for SD model building. Additional experiences in Indonesia maintained model realism. One SD corruption overview is based on the oft cited idea that 'amount of corruption' is part of reinforcing loops linked to 'amount of bureaucratic red tape.' In this view, corruption is imbedded in positive feedback loops also linking it to lowered economic openness, a weak le...

• We examine the relationship between exposure to local corruption and mental health in rural Vietnam. Using two datasets, we find strong consistent evidence that petty is positively associated with psychological distress. Suggestive a recent anti-corruption campaign had significant positive effects on health. There may be substantial psychosocial benefits from efforts reduce improve governance...