The subsea observation network has become an indispensable means of ocean exploration worldwide. However, the scale is limited by power supply voltage and level. Hence, to promote development a network, this paper investigates underwater high DC-DC converter (HVC), which greatly improves level network. traditional series-parallel based on multi-module faced with many technical problems, such as...

In this paper one introduces the modeling of power flow constraints for transmission grid in the multi-sectoral multi-energy long-term investment planning tool ETEM-SG. This extension allows a better representation of demand response for flexible loads triggered by real time marginal cost pricing. Since the loads and the generation units are geographically distributed these prices should be rep...

By constructing a DC multi-microgrid system (MMGS) including renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) to coordinate with the distribution network, utilization rate of RESs can be effectively improved carbon emissions reduced. To improve economy MMGS reduce network loss cooperative double-loop optimization strategy is proposed. The inner-loop economic dispatching reduces daily...

The classical buck converter is a very common DC–DC converter, which reduces an higher input supply voltage to lower output load voltage. Replacing the inductor and capacitor by transmission line, we obtain distributed can be described partial differential equations. Therefore, completely new class of model. This topology used if operated at some spatial distance from power supply, where line d...

In Local Area Networks (LAN) connected together by bridges, flow control and smooth traffic in the network is very important. However, congestion at bridges can cause intensive loss of received frames. In addition, the received frames are thrown away and have to be retransmitted by the source station, which causes more congestion and massive reduction in the overall network throughput. The netw...

this paper presents the method of reducing torque ripple of brushless dc (bldc) motor. the commutation torque ripple is reduced by control of the dc link voltage during the commutation time. the magnitude of voltage and commutation time is estimated by a neural network and optimized with an optimization method named particle swarm optimization (pso) algorithm analysis. the goal of optimization ...