Marine particles in the ocean are exposed to diverse bacterial communities, and colonization and growth of attached bacteria are important processes in the degradation and transformation of the particles. In an earlier study, we showed that the initial colonization of model particles by individual bacterial strains isolated from marine aggregates was a function of attachment and detachment. In ...

This paper details the field-testing approach and results of thermite welds used in railway applications. Rail steels made from R260 grades are welded by two different processes: standard process according to European standards, a recent technology. Welds introduced same testing location ensure comparable loading conditions aim studying their degradation behaviours. The total testing-period is ...

human activities induced changes in land cover/use have extensive impacts on the landscape. in recent years, these changes had an increasingly growth due to irrational use of the natural resources in iran. hence, considering the negative effects of the inappropriate use of land and land-use change, understanding of the landscape changes over time is necessary to planning and implementation of s...