The paper proposes both statistical and simulation-based analysis and evaluation of the bullwhip effect in supply chains. The demand distortion, called the bullwhip effect, is considered as an important characteristic of supply chain operation stability. A mathematical justification of the stochastic demand as a cause of the bullwhip effect is discussed. Results of simulation studies to analyse...

This paper develops an economic production quantity model in a three-echelon supply chain composing of a supplier, a manufacturer and a wholesaler under two scenarios. As the first scenario, we consider a return contract between the outside supplier and the supplier and also between the manufacturer and the wholesaler, but in the second one, the return policy between the manufacturer and the wh...

This paper presents a dual-objective facility programming model for a green supply chain network. The main objectives of the presented model are minimizing overall expenditure and negative environmental impacts of the supply chain. This study contributes to the existing literature by incorporating uncertainty in customer demand, suppliers, production, and casting capacity. An industrial case st...

Managing supply chains in today’s complex, dynamic, and uncertain environment is one of the key challenges affecting the success of the businesses. One of the crucial determinants of effective supply chain management is the ability to recognize customer demand patterns and react accordingly to the changes in face of intense competition. Thus the ability to adequately predict demand by the parti...

In this paper, we consider the revenue sharing contract between supply chain actors in a multi-echelon supply chain, where the demand of the customers and retail price are fuzzy variables. The centralized decision making system and a coordinating contract, namely, the revenue sharing contract with fuzzy demand and asymmetric information are proposed. To derive the optimal solutions, the fuzzy s...

This paper focuses on demand chain management, which accomplishes the synchronization of demand with supply through collaboration of buyer and supplier across the chain. And the purpose of it is to find the relationship between four integration strategies produced by combining supply integration and demand integration and its impacts on two performances, operating efficiency and customer satisf...

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is shown to provide a robust, flexible framework to stabilize inventories yet still meet customer demand with minimal safety stock. The translation of available information in the supply chain problem into MPC variables is demonstrated with a two-node supply chain example. A six-node, two-product, threeechelon demand network simulation proposed by Intel Corp. is w...

the real world is full of uncertainties and parameters such as demand cannot be determined exactly. in this case, using crisp (exact) values and statistical methods due to absence of sufficient information, seems unwise. so in this paper, an approach is presented for using fuzzy numbers in continues review policy related decision-making. in this supply chain, there are two enterprises, a and b ...

todays, improving the competitiveness of companies and rapidly responding to diverse customers’ demands requires efficient management of the supply chain. integration is one of the effective indices in a supply chain, and vendor managed inventory (vmi) is one of the innovative approaches in this field. in this paper, an integrated model based on a vmi system for deteriorating and ameliorating i...