This article contributes to explaining the rise of logical empiricism in mid-twentieth century (North) America and a better understanding American philosophy science before dominance empiricism. We show that, contrary number existing histories, was already distinct subfield philosophy, one with its own approaches issues, even empiricists arrived America. It form speculative concern for metaphys...

There are many different kinds of philosophy. For example, there is Indian philosophy (which has its roots in the ancient body of oral tradition known as the Veda), Islamic philosophy, Japanese philosophy and Chinese philosophy. However, none of these have had any real influence on the scientific tradition in which cognitive science has grown up. That scientific tradition is Western science and...

The philosophy of X, where X is a science, involves philosophers analyzing the concepts of X and sometimes commenting on what concepts are or are not likely to be coherent. Artificial intelligence (AI) necessarily shares many concepts with philosophy, e.g. action, consciousness, epistemology (what it is sensible to say about the world), and even free will. This article treats the philosophy of ...

This paper aims at shedding light on the concept of postmodernism, and its implications in the TESOL. Postmodern philosophy as a prevalent concept and a hot buzzword in philosophy, science, and art is believed to have influenced the TESOL theoretically in some ways. The elements of postmodernism including: constructivism, subjectivism, relativism, localism, and pragmatism are found to have been...

Recent years have seen the development of an approach both to general philosophy and philosophy of science often referred to as ‘experimental philosophy’ or just ‘X-Phi’. Philosophers often make or presuppose empirical claims about how people would react to hypothetical cases, but their evidence for claims about what ‘we’ would say is usually very limited indeed. Philosophers of science have la...