In this paper, we describe an n-gram approach to automatically assess essay quality in student writing. Underlying this approach is the development of n-gram indices that examine rhetorical, syntactic, grammatical, and cohesion features of paragraph types (introduction, body, and conclusion paragraphs) and entire essays. For this study, we developed over 300 n-gram indices and assessed their po...

abstract objectives: radiomorphometric indices measured on simple radiographic images can be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of bone. panoramic radiographic imaging can therefore assist dentists in early detection of osteoporosis in patients. considering the effect of ethnic and environmental factors on development of osteoporosis and absence of normal values of radiomorphometr...

knowledge about spatial soil variation in terms of measured pedodiversity offers the possibility to estimate the quality and variance within a soil map. diversity indices and abundance distribution models are statistical tools which ecologists have applied for decades for analyzing the intrinsic regularities of various ecological entities. in this study relationships between soils evolution, la...

The Human Development Index, which is multidimensional by construction, is criticized on the ground that it is insensitive to any form of inequality across persons. Inequality in the multidimensional context can take two distinct forms. The first pertains to the spread of the distribution across persons, analogous to unidimensional inequality. The second, in contrast, deals with interactions am...

The role of cell proliferation was analyzed in the chick embryo system employing DNA labeling indices during the invagination of the olfactory placode and the development of the lateral and medial nasal processes. Chick embryos were labeled for 1 h with [H]thymidine and processed histologically and autoradiographically. The percentage of labeled mesenchymal cells in delineated areas within and ...

abstract in this paper, we examine relationship between financial intermediary development variables and values added of agricultural sector in iran during 1352 to 1385. the five indices derived from the banking system as a financial intermediary development indicators, that define in related to the agricultural sector, and with the introduction of statistic methods of factor analysis and its a...

Developing country policy makers worry about national competitiveness and closely watch indices ranking international competitive performance. This paper analyzes from the development economics perspective if competitiveness is a legitimate policy concern, and if the leading indices deserve the attention they get. It assesses the best known index, from the World Economic Forum, and finds grave ...

This paper proposes a dominance approach to study well-being inequality across countries at the world level. We consider a class of wellbeing indices based on the three attributes considered in the HDI (Human Development Index). Indices are required to satisfy preference for egalitarian marginal distributions of income, health and education, inclination for less correlation between attributes a...