BCL-2-associated athanogene-1 (BAG-1) is expressed by osteoblast-lineage cells; early embryonic lethality in Bag-1 null mice, however, has limited the investigation of BAG-1 function in osteoblast development. In the present study, bone morphogenetic protein-2/BMP-2-directed osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of Bag-1(+/-) (heterozygous) female mice was decreased si...

Primaquine inhibited polyphenylalanine formation directed by poly(U) in a cell-free system obtained from Bacillus megaterium only when the drug was preincubated with transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), poly(U), or ribosomes. Considerably less inhibition was produced when the ionic strength of the preincubation mixture of tRNA or poly(U) plus primaquine was increased; with ribosomes, the extent of...

Inosine monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a significant enzyme in the purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. IMPDH is viewed as an important biological target in the quest for drugs in the antiviral therapeutic area. This review article is focused on the chemistry and biology of IMPDH inhibitors and the use of IMPDH inhibition data as a probe in antiviral drug discovery. Examples of...

Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) have been employed against prostate cancer in both in vivo and in vivo models. While most oligos contain a single mRNA binding site, our laboratory has developed bispecifics directed towards two. Previous work has determined that when oligos are used to suppress the expression of individual proteins in highly regulated physiologic processes, additional protei...

Monoclonal antibody directed against RNA polymerases IIO and IIA completely inhibits specific transcription from the major late promoter of adenovirus-2. At comparable antibody concentrations, only a slight inhibition of polymerase III transcription of VA RNA I is observed. Inhibition of polymerase II transcription is specific for monoclonal IgM directed against RNA polymerase II. High concentr...

introduction: self-directed learning is originated from adult education which has currently gained a special place in educational systems and is influenced by many variables such as teaching self-efficacy and self-directed learning. this research investigated the relationship of teachers’ teaching with academic self-efficacy and self-directed learning from english language students' perspective...

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that mindfulness involves sustained attention, attention switching, inhibition of elaborative processing and non-directed attention. Healthy adults were tested before and after random assignment to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) course (n = 39) or a wait-list control (n = 33). Testing included measures of sustained attention, a...

I propose that synchronization affects communication between neuronal groups. Gamma-band (30-90 Hz) synchronization modulates excitation rapidly enough that it escapes the following inhibition and activates postsynaptic neurons effectively. Synchronization also ensures that a presynaptic activation pattern arrives at postsynaptic neurons in a temporally coordinated manner. At a postsynaptic neu...