The aim of this paper is to identify and analyses the influence of shareholder ownership identity on payout ratio for a panel of Iran firms from 2002 and 2008. We find that there is a significant positive correlation between institutional ownership and payout ratio. The relation between payout ratio and individual ownership is negative. The most finding of the study indicates that Iranian compa...

There is debate over the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. Most existing studies look at established listed companies in developed countries, in which the market mechanism is well developed. Meanwhile, the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in transition countries has been largely ignored. Drawing on ...

A US law, the electronic signatures (E-Sign) in Global and National Commerce Act (signed by then President Clinton on 30 June 2000 with an effective date of 1 October 2000), grants electronic signatures legal validity equivalent to traditional handwritten counterparts. The intention of this law is to cut costs while providing more stringent security. In the emerging ecommerce arena, electronic ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the beliefs, attitudes, and interests of Texas pharmacists at different career stages with respect to independent pharmacy ownership. DESIGN Non-experimental, cross-sectional study. SETTING Texas in November-December 2004. PARTICIPANTS 180 practicing pharmacists. INTERVENTION Mail survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pharmacists' self-reported attitudes (ranging from -90...

0

the editorial is commendable and i agree with many of the points raised. management is an important aspect of health system strengthening which is often overlooked. in order to build the capacity of management, we need to consider other factors such as, the environment within which managers work, their numbers, support systems and distribution. effective leadership is an issue which cannot be o...

INTRODUCTION Although some view the ownership of firearms as a deterrent to crime, the relationship between population-level firearm ownership rates and violent criminal perpetration is unclear. The purpose of this study is to test the association between state-level firearm ownership and violent crime. METHODS State-level rates of household firearm ownership and annual rates of criminal acts...