Once a sign of modernization and growth, dams are often seen today as symbols of environmental and social devastation. Over 800,000 dams have been built worldwide to provide drinking water, flood control, hydropower, irrigation, navigation, and water storage. Dams do indeed provide these things,but at the cost of several adverse, unexpected effects: disruption of ecosystems, decline of fish sto...

Access to services and infrastructure is generally available nationwide in Germany (drinking water supply, sewage treatment, mail, telecommunications, transport). The quality of these services, however, differs from region to region. One field which needs improvement is sewage treatment where, for economic reasons, the number of decentralised systems is growing. The call for nationwide access t...

that this combination of three different tests gives the best overall concordance with rodent carcinogenicity. It is well known that the Ames test gives only just over 50% concordance with rodent carcinogenicity, but it is still extensively used. This is because it has a well-defined endpoint that one can readily understand in biological terms, i.e., genotoxicity. However, there is overwhelming...

Children do not drink enough during the school day--and the resulting dehydration contributes to continence problems (Box 1). One important part of treating these problems is an adequate and regular fluid intake during the day (Haines et al, 2000). However, it is not uncommon for pupils to go six or seven hours without a single drink, and those who do drink usually drink less than they need (Al...

Any and all chemicals generated by human activity can and will find their way into water supplies. The types and quantities of carcinogens present in drinking water at the point of consumption will differ depending on whether they result from contamination of the source water, arise as a consequence of treatment processes, or enter as the water is conveyed to the user. Source-water contaminants...

Nitrate contamination of drinking water implies a genotoxic risk to man due to the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds from nitrate-derived nitrite. Thus far, epidemiological studies have presented conflicting results on the relation of drinking water nitrate levels with gastric cancer incidence. This uncertainty becomes of relevance in view of the steadily increasing nitra...

OBJECTIVE To assess the sanitary quality of drinking water in rural farms through counts of microbiological indicators. METHODS A total of 180 drinking water samples from sources, reservoirs and water from site of consumption were collected in 30 rural farms located in the northeast region of the sate of São Paulo. The most probable number of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and mesophilic m...

BACKGROUND Different water choices affect access to drinking water with different quality. Previous studies suggested social-economic status may affect the choice of domestic drinking water. The aim of this study is to investigate whether recent social economic changes in China affect residents' drinking water choices. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate residents' wa...