Central America continues to be a violent region and is prone to increasing climatic shocks and environmental degradation. This paper explores the non-linear feedback loop between violence and climate shocks on livelihood resilience in El Salvador and Honduras, two countries experiencing high rates of violence. The nature of this complex feedback loop is examined by analysing case studies on th...

Atriplex spp. (Atriplex canescens, A. lentiformis and A. halimus) plantation has been extensively used to reclaim rangeland in Iran for the past several decades. However, the impacts of this practice have been controversial. Due to the increasing adoption of this reclamation technique for degraded rangelands, it is important to investigate its impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate t...

Asia and Middle East represent one of the most dynamic regions in the world which has experienced fast economic and technological growth. Access to clean and affordable water is essential for building resilience and maintaining human’s well-being and livelihood development in this region. Likewise, various energy resources are fundamental to support stable economic and social progress for bette...

This paper examines how transnational gold mining operations are transforming rural household livelihoods in the Cajamarca region of Peru. In particular, this paper evaluates how Newmont Mining Corporation’s Minera Yanacocha (MYSA) mining operations are altering access to the produced, human, natural and social capital resources that households utilize to produce their livelihoods. The paper ar...

We examine the dynamics of household vulnerability during the past 30 years within three different socialecological upland systems in Lijiang, Yunnan. Interviews were conducted to construct coupled human-environmental timelines to facilitate the understanding of livelihood dynamics in the context of more general changes that constitute both constraints and opportunities. The results indicate th...

This paper aims to describe the ways in which the HIV/AIDS epidemic negatively influences food and livelihood security, how it impacts on the food and nutrition security of millions of households, the responses of these households and communities as well as the policy and programme implications. As far as possible, this paper uses examples from West Africa, but in their absence the author was f...

Livestock are an important component of rural households and gendered livelihood practices throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Widespread within the development literature is the belief in the livestock ladder, with poorer households often owning small stock and wealthier households owning large stock, with the assumption that poor households can utilize livestock to build their asset base and overt...

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a severe mosquito-borne disease affecting humans and domestic ruminants. RVF virus has been reported in most African countries, as well as in the Arabic Peninsula. This paper reviews the different types of socio-economic impact induced by RVF disease and the attempts to evaluate them. Of the 52 papers selected for this review, 13 types of socio-economic impact were id...