right of disclosure of artwork is one of the moral rights of author. according to that right, author entitled to decide about whether the artwork be published for public or not. mentioned right has expressly laid down in french law in order to protect of author rights and character. we can also deduce it from iranian law. for the purpose of improving iranian law related to that right, this rese...

The study investigates how openness influences information and communication technology (ICT) penetration for improved government quality in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. Openness is measured in terms of trade and financial globalisation whereas ICT is proxied with mobile phone and internet penetration rates. Ten bundled and unbundled governance indicators are used. The empirical...

The empirical literature on economic growth agrees that institutions and governance are important determinants of long-run economic growth rates. As a stylized fact, this literature points to a strong correlation between the level of GDP per capita and the general development level of institutions and governance. However, the growth rate of GDP per capita itself, as well as other indicators tha...

The crucial role of groundwater and the centrality of water governance in accommodating growing water demands sustainably are becoming well recognized. We review 10 case studies of groundwater governance—representing diverse global regions and local contexts—from the perspective of four well-established elements: (1) institutional setting; (2) availability and access to information and science;...

Risk-based governance is argued by many to hold out the promise of a more rational and efficient state, by making explicit the limitations of state interventions and focusing the finite resources on those targets where the probable damage is greatest. This paper, however, challenges the assumption that risk-based governance has the potential for universal and uniform application across develope...

BACKGROUND Digital forms of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical marketing (eDTCA) have globalized in an era of free and open information exchange. Yet, the unregulated expansion of eDTCA has resulted in unaddressed global public health threats. Specifically, illicit online pharmacies are engaged in the sale of purportedly safe, legitimate product that may in fact be counterfeit or substandard. Th...

This paper explores the role of corporate governance in the Asian crisis countries: Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. It argues that the focus in an analysis of corporate governance should be on the provision of external equity finance -the position of outside minority shareholders. The proportion of equity finance in the capital structure of firms is highly correlated with the status of...

The continued economic growth slowdown has affected many emerging economies. In this situation, global business expansion has been weakening. This leads most organizations, including the supermarket retail industry to limit their capacity in planning new projects. To overcome challenges, top leaders should pay close attention to their organizational environments and cultures. In doing so, they ...