An income distribution describes how an entity’s total wealth is distributed amongst its population. A problem of interest to regional economics researchers understand the spatial homogeneity distributions among different regions. In economics, Lorenz curve a well-known functional representation distribution. this article, we propose mixture finite mixtures (MFM) model as well Markov random fie...

Because of the suitability of coastal lands for different groups of activities such as recreational, residential and commercial functions, there is an increasing demand among different stakeholders to benefit from these natural lands. The conflicts between the users, sometimes, lead to exclusiveness and limitation of public access to the shoreline. This article aims to recognize the main agents...

The unbalanced development of regional economics in Beijing has induced the ubiquitous regional economic disparities and may affect the sustainable development of economy and social stability. How to alleviate this unbalanced status has been an important issue which the society and government face. As usual, the hold of Olympics Games may boost the economy of host city, however it is not clear ...

the rapid change of land use and land cover in the metropolitan area of tehran has influenced the distribution pattern of land surface temperature (lst). in this study, a spatial autocorrelation analysis is adopted to process the spatial-temporal changes of lst and normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) in tehran during the period of 1987 to 2010. global spatial autocorrelation analysis ...

Apparent inconsistency in criminal sentencing at District Court level in New Zealand (NZ) might also be expected for health and safety in employment (HSE) offences. We review relevant legislation and the guidelines established in the de Spa appeal case, and estimate a model of HSE sentencing variability distinguishing the de Spa criteria (and a subset similar to those used in the formal U.S. cr...