T generation of H2 via photocatalytic water splitting has received considerable attention in recent years as efforts to optimize solar energy devices have accelerated. 3 Although visible photons are sufficiently energetic to split H2O and generate high-energy H2 fuel (requiring a 1.23 eV difference of its coupled half-reactions), materials that demonstrate this in any great yield are still not ...

Membrane electroporation is the method to directly transfer bioactive substances such as drugs and genes into living cells, as well as preceding electrofusion. Although much information on the microscopic mechanism has been obtained both from experiment and simulation, the existence and nature of possible intermediates is still unclear. To elucidate intermediates of electropore formation by dir...

Every time we blink our eyes, the image on the retina goes almost completely dark. And yet we hardly notice these interruptions, even though an external darkening is startling. Intuitively it would seem that if our perception is continuous, then the neuronal activity on which our perceptions are based should also be continuous. To explore this issue, we compared the responses of 63 supragranula...

The rapid growth of data traffic, caused mainly by increasing use of the Internet including recent expanded use of multimedia services and wireless access, has stimulated the demand for high-capacity photonic network systems. High capacity optical networks are based on a combination of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM) for purposes ranging from long dis...

This paper presents a new method, based on a multiple-model adaptive estimation approach, to determine the most probable shape of a resident space object among a number of candidate shape models while simultaneously recovering the observed resident space object’s inertial orientation and trajectory. Multiple-model adaptive estimation uses a parallel bank of filters, each operating under a diffe...

The ongoing interest in fast liquid crystal (LC) modes stimulated by display technology and new applications has motivated us to study in detail the in-plane switching (IPS) vertically aligned (VA) mode. We have studied how the decrease of the period of the interdigitated electrodes (down to sub-micrometer scale) influences the switching speed, especially the LC relaxation to the initial homeot...