backgrounds the degree of microleakage is one of the main criteria in evaluating the restorative materials such as glass ionomer (gi) restoratives, which are available in two forms: loose powder and liquid form to be hand-mixed or pre-proportioned in a capsule to be mixed mechanically. objectives this study was conducted to compare the microleakage of encapsulated gi restoratives with their han...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of the encapsulated thyme essential oil (TEO), oregano essential oil (OEO) mixture and probiotic on growth performance, immune response and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 490 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven treatments consisting of five replicates (n=14). Birds we...

Chitosan (CS), a biocompatible and biodegradable material, can act as a non-viral delivery vehicle with low toxicity. In this study, plasmid DNA (pDNA) and siRNA were encapsulated in CS nanoparticles (NPs) to prepare CS-DNA and CS-siRNA NPs using a complex coacervation process. The CS-DNA particle size was within the range of 180-370 nm with a surface charge ranging from 0 to 18 mV at pH 5.5. T...

One of the first methods to encapsulate drugs within polymer nanospheres was developed by Fessi and coworkers in 1989 and consisted of one-step nanoprecipitation based on solvent displacement. However, proteins are poorly encapsulated within polymer nanoparticles using this method because of their limited solubility in organic solvents. To overcome this limitation, we developed a two-step nanop...

Viral capsid-nanoparticle hybrid structures constitute a new type of nanoarchitecture that can be used for various applications. We previously constructed a hybrid structure comprising quantum dots encapsulated by simian virus 40 (SV40) capsids for imaging viral infection pathways. Here, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are encapsulated into SV40 capsids and the effect of particle size and surface li...

Garcinia mangostana Linn extract (GME) is a natural product that has received considerable attention in cancer therapy, and has the potential to reduce side effects of chemotherapeutics and improve efficacy. We formulated GME-encapsulated ethyl cellulose (GME-EC) and a polymer blend of ethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose (GME-EC/MC) nanoparticles. We achieved high drug-loading and encapsulatio...

Phospholipid-based deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) that have flexibility in shape offer an adaptable and facile method to encapsulate diverse classes of therapeutics and facilitate localized transdermal delivery while minimizing systemic exposure. Here we report the use of a microfluidic reactor for the synthesis of DNVs and show that alteration of input parameters such as flow speeds as well as...

A Pd-encapsulated graphite electrode was used as the negative electrode in Li-ion cells. Through dispersion of ultrafine nanoparticles of palladium on the surface of graphite, the interfacial properties of the carbon surface were modified. The presence of the palladium Ž . dramatically reduces the initial irreversible capacity of the graphite in propylene carbonate PC -based electrolyte. Pallad...

Objective(s): Lipid-based nanoparticles (NLP) are PEGylated carriers composed of lipids and encapsulated nucleic acids with a diameter less than 100 nm. The presence of PEG in the NLP formulation improves the particle pharmacokinetic behavior. The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize NLPs containing MDR1 siRNA and evaluate their cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. MDR1 siRNA coul...

The purpose of this study was to optimize a method for the encapsulation of P5 peptide, a new designed peptide containing MHC class I epitopes from rat HER2/neu protein, into liposomes as an approach for breast cancer vaccine formulation. The efficiency of liposomal encapsulation of peptides is generally low and development of an optimized method to increase encapsulation efficiency is a big ch...