Energy efficiency and mobility robustness are two of the main performance metrics to be addressed when designing any routing protocol for underwater sensor network (UWSN). Energy efficiency leads to a prolonged network life time, while mobility robustness ensures high and stable delivery ratio. Most of the routing strategies designed for UWSN require a full knowledge of the three dimensional lo...

The advent of the Internet and e-commerce has brought a new way of marketing and selling many products, including books. The system-wide impacts of this shift in retail methods on cost, energy, and the environment are still unclear. While reductions in inventories and returns provide significant savings, some of the major concerns of ecommerce business models are the energy and packaging materi...

An Investigation of Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Efficient Energy Production and Delivery

The viral protease represents a key drug target for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Because many protease inhibitors mimic protease substrates, differences in substrate recognition between proteases may affect their sensitivity to a given inhibitor. Here we use a cell-based FRET sensor to investigate the activity of different norovirus proteases upon cleavage of various norovirus cle...

Accurate quantitation of intracellular pH (pHi) is of great importance in revealing the cellular activities and early warning of diseases. A series of fluorescence-based nano-bioprobes composed of different nanoparticles or/and dye pairs have already been developed for pHi sensing. Till now, biological auto-fluorescence background upon UV-Vis excitation and severe photo-bleaching of dyes are th...

Microbubbles interact with ultrasound to induce transient microscopic pores in the cellular plasma membrane in a highly localized thermo-mechanical process called sonoporation. Theranostic applications of in vitro sonoporation include molecular delivery (e.g., transfection, drug loading and cell labeling), as well as molecular extraction for measuring intracellular biomarkers, such as proteins ...

Efficient on-chip power delivery is a significant design challenge in heterogeneous real time systems with multiple power domains. The power efficiency of the overall heterogeneous power delivery system has recently been shown to be a strong function of the clustering of the power supplies – the specific configuration in which the power converters and regulators are co-designed. A recursive clu...

As catheter ablation to eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF) has evolved, new catheter technologies have become available to increase lesion size and improve safety. Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation was first performed with radiofrequency energy using a 4 mm tip electrode. Subsequently, 8–10 mm tip electrodes and irrigated-tip catheters became available. The premise of these systems is that as the c...