Dengue virus is an emerging global health threat. The major envelope glycoprotein, E, mediates viral attachment and entry by membrane fusion. Antibodies that bind but fail to neutralize noncognate serotypes enhance infection. We have determined the crystal structure of a soluble fragment of the envelope glycoprotein E from dengue virus type 3. The structure closely resembles those of E proteins...

The mature lactococcal cell envelope proteinase (CEP) consists of an N-terminal subtilisin-like proteinase domain and a large C-terminal extension of unknown function whose far end anchors the molecule in the cell envelope. Different types of CEP can be distinguished on the basis of specificity and amino acid sequence. Removal of weakly bound Ca2+ from the native cell-bound CEP of Lactococcus l...

SINC, a new type III secreted protein of the avian and human pathogen Chlamydia psittaci, uniquely targets the nuclear envelope of C. psittaci-infected cells and uninfected neighboring cells. Digitonin-permeabilization studies of SINC-GFP-transfected HeLa cells indicate that SINC targets the inner nuclear membrane. SINC localization at the nuclear envelope was blocked by importazole, confirming...

Persistent infection of mouse neuroblastoma NB41A3 cells with yellow fever 17D virus generates viral variants which exhibit defective cell penetration, poor cell-to-cell spread, small plaque size and reduced growth efficiency, caused by substitution of glycine for aspartic acid or glutamic acid at positions 360 and 362 in the envelope protein. These positions occur within a charge cluster, Asp3...

Egg envelope or otherwise called zona radiata (ZR) is an acellular area that originates next to oolemma externally. It grows and thickens gradually from oolemma and follicular epithelium both. Microscopic studies on the tissue sections hava shown that during developmental stages of oocytes, ZR could not be observed at stage I (Primary growth stage) in Acipenser persicus. It appeared in stage ...

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) neutralizing West Nile Virus (WNV) have been shown to protect against infection in animal models and have been identified as a correlate of protection in WNV vaccine studies. In the present study, antibody repertoires from three convalescent WNV-infected patients were cloned into an scFv phage library, and 138 human MAbs binding to WNV were identified. One hundred t...