The C4-photosynthetic carbon cycle is an elaborated addition to the classical C3-photosynthetic pathway, which improves solar conversion efficiency. The key enzyme in this pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, has evolved from an ancestral non-photosynthetic C3 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. During evolution, C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase has increased its kinetic efficiency and redu...

Compared with naturally occurring enzymes, computationally designed enzymes are usually much less efficient, with their catalytic activities being more than six orders of magnitude below the diffusion limit. Here we use a two-step computational design approach, combined with experimental work, to design a highly efficient cocaine hydrolysing enzyme. We engineer E30-6 from human butyrylcholinest...

A new method to improve the efficiency of flanking sequence identification by genome walking was developed based on an expanded, sequential list of criteria for selecting candidate enzymes, plus several other optimization steps. These criteria include: step (1) initially choosing the most appropriate restriction enzyme according to the average fragment size produced by each enzyme determined us...

Enzymes catalyze various biochemical functions with high efficiency and specificity. In vitro design of the enzyme leads to novel bioactivity in this natural biomolecule that give answers of some vital questions like crucial residues in binding with substrate, molecular evolution, cofactor specificity etc. Enzyme engineering technology involves directed evolution, rational designing, semi-ratio...

We study models of two sequential enzyme-catalyzed reactions as a basic functional building block for coupled biochemical networks. We investigate the influence of enzyme distributions and long-range molecular interactions on reaction kinetics, which have been exploited in biological systems to maximize metabolic efficiency and signaling effects. Specifically, we examine how the maximal rate of...

efficiency was not affected by DNA source or PCR condition. Blue colonies contained a blunt-end-ligated plasmid without insert. Twenty randomly chosen white colonies were sequenced. Nineteen of them contained inserts ended with a primer and an A/T pair formed by complementary overhangs, and one contained an abnormally formed blank plasmid that was missing a part of the original sequence. The nu...

Photoaging causes the dermis and collagen fibers to decrease which results in skin aging. Genus Bacillus has SOD activity as an anti-photoaging agent that can neutralize ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) due exposure UV-A rays. This study aimed examine of crude extract encapsulation characteristics liposomes from B. altitudinis. The began with isolation enzyme, determination total protein content e...