with the french occupation of egypt in 1798 ad, the communication route of britain to india was threatened and a new stage of conflict and competition began between the two countries in eastern mediterranean, ottoman, iran, indian ocean and the persian gulf. although threats temporarily subsided with the french abandoning egypt, but the continuous french expansionism in the east caused them per...

the demand for fossil fuel in the transport sector is constantly increasing and transportation is ranked amongst the highest greenhouse emitting sectors globally. today, tackling co2 emissions from road transport a widely discussed topic and constitutes a milestone towards reaching a sustainable, carbon neutral economy. this challenge is being described in various initiatives adopted in the eur...

after the cold war and collapse of the bipolar system, the european :union: found more opportunity to play a role in regional and international arenas. on the other hand, russia was searching for a new status due to its widespread developments. changing the status of international system, emergence of new and powerful actors, expansion of the european :union: to the east and bordering with russ...

from 2006 to 2008 russian government adopted an aggressive foreign policy toward the west, particularly the united states. in this article, the author claims that one should search for the main factor in the ‘feeling danger in the european borders of russia’ and more clearly in ‘serious endangering of european balance of power’ from the perspective of russian authorities after 60 years. i have ...

article 1 of the european convention on human rights provides that the contracting parties shall secure to everyone ‘within their jurisdiction’ the rights and freedoms defined in the convention. at a technical level, the key question is how one should interpret the word ‘jurisdiction’ in article 1. this article plays a key role in the convention system since it sets out the limits on the obliga...

in this paper, a new identification of the lagrange multipliers by means of the sumudu transform, is employed to  btain a quick and accurate solution to the fractional black-scholes equation with the initial condition for a european option pricing problem. undoubtedly this model is the most well known model for pricing financial derivatives. the fractional derivatives is described in caputo sen...

This paper discusses whether European institutions should devote so much attention and funding to cross-border healthcare or they should instead prioritise guaranteeing universal health coverage (UHC), inequalities and tackling the effects of austerity measures. The paper argues through providing the evidence in both areas of research, that the priority at European level from a public health an...

Case Report: Recently a 20-day-old layer flock with mortality has been submitted to the PCR Lab. Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) has been detected in the clinical samples. Results: A phylogenetic tree based on a partial S1 gene sequence showed Iranian IBV variant located in LX4-type cluster. This cluster include all QXIBV-type detected in China and European countries. The highest sequence hom...

Pond aquaculture is the most significant fish production method in central Europe, approximately 70% of the total fish production is originated from traditional fish ponds in this region, which is a resource-saving, ecologically sustainable production method. However, the growth of this sector is not expected because of the low production capacity of valuable fish species and the relatively hig...

security has been the most important issue in relations between turkey and the european :union:. turkish leaders have always tried to link their own security concerns with those of the :union:, trying to portray their country as net security provider to the eu. the european :union: in its new security strategy has tried to expand its security zone outside the eu, defining issues such as terrori...