This paper gives an algebraic characterization of expansive actions of countable abelian groups on compact abelian groups. This naturally extends the classification of expansive algebraic Zd-actions given by Schmidt using complex varieties. Also included is an application to a natural class of examples arising from unit subgroups of integral domains. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 22D...

Suppose S is a nonwandering shift of finite type (SFT), and T is an expansive automorphism of S. We show T cannot be a strictly sofic almost Markov shift. Also included is an example of D. Fiebig, a reducible SFT with an expansive automorphism which is not SFT.

OBJECTIVE To study the impact of screw orientation on the pullout strength of OsteoMed M3 titanium screws in expansive unilateral open-door laminoplasty of the cervical spine. METHODS Six fresh human cervical spine specimens were randomly numbered and OsteoMed M3 plate and screws were used for an expansive unilateral open-door laminoplasty. The screws were inserted in the lateral mass at diff...

This qualitative study aimed at exploring the causes of writing anxiety from an expansive learning perspec- tive. Given the centrality of writing for both EFL learners and teachers, writing anxiety was explored through a longitudinal study spanning two years with 25 EFL learners and teachers who participated by providing comments, diaries, and documents. The participants were also observe...

Let be an expansive automorphisms of compact connected abelian group X whose dual group ^ X is cyclic w.r.t. (i.e. ^ X is generated by f n : n 2 Zg for some 2 ^ X). Then there exists a canonical group homomorphism from the spacè 1 (Z;Z) of all bounded two-sided sequences of integers onto X such that = , where is the shift on`1 (Z;Z). We prove that there exists a sooc subshift V ` 1 (Z;Z) such t...