in the holy quran, due to various factors, word or phrase will take different features. and this makes commentators and translators have multiple understandings from a special verse. then in the holy quran beside verses with definite meaning and implication we encounter verses that for some factors we will face various possibilities in their meaning. so that none of the commentators and pundits...

This article explores how local pressures intersect to produce differing broadcasts in 2 cultural contexts. This is achieved via a cross-cultural analysis of a decade of televised rugby union matches between France and New Zealand and interviews with leading commentators in both countries. The authors argue that although the overarching commercial imperative to capture audiences might be the sa...

This paper examines responses to the American Dust Bowl in the 1930s as a way of exploring how society today may be able to respond to today’s droughts and pending “food crises”. With regards the debate over solutions to the Dust Bowl, four broad themes emerge. First, some argued that solutions would be found by engineers and farmers who would develop new ways of watering dry fields. A second g...

the purpose followed in this study was to identify the restraining factors affecting date grower organizations, development in khuzestan province. the statistical population consisted of two independent groups including 584 members of date grower organizations and 30 experts from the related governmental agencies. a sample of 120 farmers from date growers' group was chosen through stratifi...

guilan province is the biggest hazelnut producer in iran. over 70% of hazelnut production cost is due to its manual harvesting. therefore, study on all aspects of its cultivation mechanization is necessary to sustain its production. this study focused on identifying factors that affect the development of hazelnut harvesting mechanization in guilan province, iran, using a three-round delphi tech...

We consider a cross-calibration test of predictions by multiple potential experts in a stochastic environment. This test checks whether each expert is calibrated conditional on the predictions made by other experts. We show that this test is good in the sense that a true expert—one informed of the true distribution of the process—is guaranteed to pass the test no matter what the other potential...