Many researchers adopt Local Binary Pattern for pattern analysis. However, the long histogram created by Local Binary Pattern is not suitable for large-scale facial database. This paper presents a simple facial pattern descriptor for facial expression recognition. Local pattern is computed based on local gradient flow from one side to another side through the center pixel in a 3x3 pixels region...

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithms have been utilized in a wide range of real applications. NMF is done by several researchers to its part based representation property especially in the facial expression recognition problem. It decomposes a face image into its essential parts (e.g. nose, lips, etc.) but in all previous attempts, it is neglected that all features achieved by NMF ...

automatic facial recognition has many potential applications in different areas of humancomputer interaction. however, they are not yet fully realized due to the lack of an effectivefacial feature descriptor. in this paper, we present a new appearance based feature descriptor,the local directional pattern (ldp), to represent facial geometry and analyze its performance inrecognition. an ldp feat...

Automated analysis of human affective behavior has attracted increasing attention from researchers in psychology, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, and related disciplines. Promising approaches have been reported, including automatic methods for facial and vocal affect recognition. Facial activities are characterized by three levels. First, in the bottom level, facial feature points ...

We present a novel Facial Motion Cloning method relying on the combination of the radial basis functions (RBF) based scattered data interpolation with the encoding capabilities of the MPEG-4 Facial and Body Animation (FBA) international standard. Beside from an initial manual selection of feature points, our method works fully automatically without user interaction. The produced talking head is...

In this work, we attempt to tackle the problem of automatic facial expression recognition using unsupervised clustering algorithms. Our features consist of Active Appearance Model tracked facial interest points. We explore the use of various clustering algorithms like k-means, Gaussian Mixture Models and a novel temporal clustering algorithm Aligned Cluster Analysis [7]. The Extended Cohn-Kanad...

Locating human fiducial points like eyes and mouth in a frontal head and shoulder image is an active research area for applications such as model based teleconferencing systems, model based low bit rate video transmission, computer based identification and recognition systems. This paper proposes an adept and efficient rule based skin color region extraction algorithm using normalized r-g color...

This paper proposes a scheme that offers robust txaaction of the target face image in standard view, which is defined using internal facial features as steady reference points. The scheme is characterized by two steps: facial feature detection using color image segmentation, and target image selection from among the candidates usil~g the subspace classification method. The scheme's flexibility ...

This paper proposes a deformation technique called Planar Bones, derived from Surface-oriented Free Form Deformations, and explores its application to the context of Facial Animation. The warping method proposed uses as the control input a polygonal mesh, which is built as a triangulation of the Feature Points defined by MPEG-4. A strong correspondence between the facial geometry and this contr...