Are fairness concerns of relevance to environmental economics and, if so, are they sufficiently structured to improve analysis in this field? On both of these questions, we answer in the affirmative, arguing that people’s fairness views are based on both general rules and the context, where context refers to the set of variables and persons employed to interpret and apply the principles. The fa...

BACKGROUND Peer review is the most widely used method for evaluating grant applications in clinical research. Criticisms of peer review include lack of equity, suspicion of biases, and conflicts of interest (CoI). CoIs raise questions of fairness, transparency, and trust in grant allocation. Few observational studies have assessed these issues. We report the results of a qualitative study on re...

Let us consider a financially constrained leveraged financial firm having some divisions which have invested into some risky assets. Using coherent measures of risk the sum of the capital requirements of the divisions is larger than the capital requirement of the firm itself, there is some diversification benefit that should be allocated somehow for proper performance evaluation of the division...

Reduction of health inequalities within and between countries is a global health priority, but little is known about the determinants of popular support for this goal. We used data from the World Health Survey to assess individual preferences for prioritizing reductions in health and health care inequalities. We used descriptive tables and regression analysis to study the determinants of prefer...

The nurse rostering problem presents a combinatorial optimisation problem in which shifts must be assigned to nurses who are subject to a large number of workforce related constraints. In the literature on nurse rostering, the fairness of the constructed rosters has often been neglected. Solutions are typically evaluated by means of a weighted sum objective function which does not explicitly ac...

There is mounting evidence that neutrinos undergo fast flavor conversion (FFC) in core-collapse supernova (CCSN). In this letter, we investigate the roles of stellar rotation on occurrence FFC by carrying out axisymmetric CCSN simulations with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. Our result suggests electron lepton number (ELN) angular crossings, which are necessary and sufficient condition to tr...

The direction of construction science that is associated with the development theory and practice creating a new generation foam concrete particularly interesting relevant. improved structural using polypropylene fiber industrial waste, namely fly ash (FA), prompted by existing environmental threat posed FA; this result operation fuel energy industry, as well possibility not only thermal insula...