Treebanks have recently been released for a number of languages with the harmonized annotation created by the Universal Dependencies project. The representation of certain constructions in UD are known to be suboptimal for parsing and may be worth transforming for the purpose of parsing. In this paper, we focus on the representation of verb groups. Several studies have shown that parsing works ...

We present a method for automatically converting the Dutch Lassy Small treebank, a phrasal dependency treebank, to UD. All of the information required to produce accurate UD annotation appears to be available in the underlying annotation. However, we also note that the close connection between POS-tags and dependency labels that is present in UD is missing in the Lassy treebanks. As a consequen...

Universal Dependency (UD) annotations, despite their usefulness for cross-lingual tasks and semantic applications, are not optimised for statistical parsing. In the paper, we ask what exactly causes the decrease in parsing accuracy when training a parser on UD-style annotations and whether the effect is similarly strong for all languages. We conduct a series of experiments where we systematical...

Objective: Finding compounds that could be used for prevention of atherosclerosis (AS) is highly desired. The present study evaluated the protective effects of Urtica dioica (UD, commonly known as stinging nettle) leaf ethanolic extract against high-fat diet-induced AS in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male adult Sprauge-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 4 equal groups and ...

As for any categorial scheme used for annotation, UD abound with borderline cases. The main instruments to resolve them are the UD design principles and, of course, the linguistic facts of the matter. UD makes a fundamental distinction between content words and function words, and a, perhaps less fundamental, distinction between pure function words and the rest. It has been suggested that adpos...

One of the fields where electroacoustic techniques (electrokinetic sonic amplitude, ESA, and colloid vibration current, CVI, are presently available) are expected to be most useful is concentrated suspensions. Here, other electrokinetic techniques, linked to the observation of individual particles, show great limitations. In spite of this, the problem of electroacoustics in concentrated suspens...

In recent years codes that are not Uniquely Decipherable (UD) have been studied partitioning them in classes that localize the ambiguities of the code. A natural question is how we can extend the notion of maximality to codes that are not UD. In this paper we give an answer to this question. To do this we introduce a partial order in the set of submonoids of a monoid showing the existence, in t...

Boualem Benlahbib, Farid Bouchafaa, Saad Mekhilef, Noureddine Bouarroudj Laboratoire d'Instrumentation, Faculté d'Electronique et d'Informatique USTHB, Alger (Algérie) Unité de Recherche Appliquée en Energies Renouvelables, URAER, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, 47133, Ghardaïa, Algeria Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (PEARL) Department of El...

defamiliarization, the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar, is the main function of artistic literature. paradox is one of its techniques. paradox is used either syntactically or semantically. ibn al-farid was a mystic sufi poet gifted by mystical perceptions in addition to his poetic talents....

In this paper, we provide a detailed account of sentences with gapping such as “John likes tea, and Mary coffee” within the Universal Dependencies (UD) framework. We explain how common gapping constructions as well as rare complex constructions can be analyzed on the basis of examples in Dutch, English, Farsi, German, Hindi, Japanese, and Turkish. We further argue why the adopted analysis of th...