Many approaches to machine learning require a system to learn a model from a set of training examples that the model must classify, or training problems that the model must solve. How are these training cases to be chosen? Typically, due to the costs of acquisition or computation, only a relatively small sample from the universe of possible problems is available to the learner. How should that ...

A study was undertaken to compare the anatomy of the laminar floral parts with that of the spathes and leaves of Commelina erecta L. Each flower has two types of petals and two types of sepals. In contrast to the other organs, the petals have a completely open venation system whose vein endings consist solely of modified bundle-sheath cells. Bundle sheaths of leaves and spathes, but not the flo...

Arabidopsis cDNA microarray analysis was performed for 5,722 genes using leaf, stem, root and flower mRNA as targets. We identified 55, 22, 21, and 131 genes expressed specifically in leaves, stems, flowers and roots, respectively. Statistical cluster analysis revealed that the roots were the most distant and the leaves and flowers the most related organs with regards to gene expression. K-mean...

The pollen deposited during a single visit by a flower visitor (“single-visit deposition”; SVD) is often measured by removing the stigma from the flower and counting the pollen grains deposited under a microscope. This process precludes study of any subsequent interactions between the flower and later visitors (such as pollen removal from the stigma). Furthermore, if the stigma is excised too s...

OBJECTIVES Alcea hyrcana Grossh (A. hyrcana Grossh) (malvacea), is native to northern of Iran. Many of the plants belonging to the genus Alcea are known to possess ethnomedical and biological properties. In this study, antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of flower, seed and leaves of Alcea hyrcana Grossh were evaluated by various antioxidant assays. MATERIAL AND METHODS 1,1-diphenyl...

Background & Aim: Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is a widely used plant that has high nutritional value .This study evaluated prevention effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Punica granatum flower and leaves ethylene glycol-induced Nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats. Experimental: 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. G...

Introduction: Aedes aegypti is a major transmitter of dengue and chikungunya diseases in tropical subtropical regions the world. This study was carried out to assess crude extracts flower, leaves stem Lantana camara against larva Ae. aegypti. Method: 125, 250, 500 1000 ppm methanol leaves, flower L. were prepared tested for their insecticidal activities fourth instars larvae. Results: All plant...

background & aim: punica granatum l. (pomegranate) is a widely used plant that has high nutritional value .this study evaluated prevention effect of hydro alcoholic extract of punica granatum flower and leaves ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in wistar rats. experimental: 20 male wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. group i served as positive control and received distil...