Usually creative telescoping is used to derive recurrences for sums. In this article we show that the non-existence of a creative telescoping solution, and more generally, of a parameterized telescoping solution, proves algebraic independence of certain types of sums. Combining this fact with summation-theory shows transcendence of whole classes of sums. Parameterized telescoping Given f1(k), ....

The effects of grazing rest on rangelands are different in different climates and knowledge of these effects is necessary to apply correct management. For this purpose, this study was carried out on the percent vegetation cover (PVC) and forage production (FP) of range species at the Nir Range Research Station in Yazd province as a model of steppe rangelands of Iran. In the study area, differen...

We study a class of discrete dynamical systems that is motivated by the generic structure of simulations. The systems consist of the following data: (a) a ®nite graph Y with vertex set f1; . . . ; ng where each vertex has a binary state, (b) functions Fi : F2 ! F2 and (c) an update ordering p. The functions Fi update the binary state of vertex i as a function of the state of vertex i and its Y-...

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) belongs to a group of lesions known as fibro osseous lesions (FOL) whereby normal bone is replaced with fibrous tissue containing abnormal bone or cementum. FOL are the most frequent and the most difficult lesions to diagnose, as they share overlapping spectrum of clinicopathological, radiological, and immunological characteristics. In this retrospective study of 134 maxi...

Although recent studies have brought new insights concerning the mechanisms of spatial memory and cognitive strategies during navigation, most of these studies have concerned 2D navigation and little is know concerning the problem of 3D spatial memory. In a previous experiment we have studied the influence of the relation between egocentric and allocentric frame of references on memorisation of...

New 18-membered macrolides FD-891 and FD-892 were discovered from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces graminofaciens A-8890 isolated from a soil sample collected at Yamanashi prefecture Japan. They induce morphological changes of HL-60 cells at low concentration below IC50s and have cytocidal activity against in vitro tumor cell lines. FD-891 showed 2 approximately 7 times stronger activity ...

Background: Various variance reduction techniques such as forced detection (FD) have been implemented in Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of nuclear medicine in an effort to decrease the simulation time while keeping accuracy. However most of these techniques still result in very long MC simulation times for being implemented into routine use. Materials and Methods: Convolution-based force...

We consider a complete implementation of an extension of the nite domain constraint system FD, including antimonotone constraints, and its integration in AKL, a deep-guard concurrent constraint language. We present the language AKL(FD), together with associated programming techniques. In particular, we show how powerful symbolic constraints can be de ned as AKL(FD) programs, which is partly mad...